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引用次数: 3

摘要

正式标准和专业实践是现代档案管理的特征,增加了档案描述的一致性和可互操作的元数据,以及档案本身的真实性和可靠性。国际档案理事会的通用国际标准档案描述确定了26个数据元素来描述档案,并为语义网扩展。美国档案馆遵循三套档案描述标准。描述档案:内容标准,第二版(DACS),与其他标准和MARC一起使用,描述档案材料和关于材料创建者的权威记录。它强调安排、秩序和等级组织的原则。编码档案描述(EAD)包含描述档案材料和相互关系的元素。与DACS一样,它强调尊重当事人,将记录按原始顺序保存在一起。编码档案上下文-法人团体、个人和家庭(EAC-CPF)描述了在档案中反映的有关人员和组织的信息。它于2011年被美国档案工作者协会采用,并用于从EAD查找辅助工具和权威记录中获得660万EAC-CPF记录。档案描述复杂而独特。使用标准化和必需的描述性元素和特殊搜索接口将使EAD编码的优势最大化,并扩大机构之间数据共享的机会。
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Standards for Archives

EDITOR'S SUMMARY

Formal standards and professional practices characterize modern archival administration, increasing consistent archival description and interoperable metadata as well as the authenticity and reliability of the archives themselves. The International Council of Archives' General International Standard Archival Description identifies 26 data elements to describe archives, being extended for the semantic web. Archives in the United States follow three sets of archival description standards. Describing Archives: A Content Standard, 2nd Edition (DACS), used together with the other standards and with MARC, describes archival materials and authority records about material creators. It stresses principles for arrangement, order and hierarchical organization. The Encoded Archival Description (EAD) contains elements to describe archival materials and interrelationships. Like DACS, it stresses respect de fonds, keeping records together in original order. Encoded Archival Context-Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families (EAC-CPF) describes information about people and organizations reflected in an archive. It was adopted by the Society of American Archivists in 2011 and has been used to derive 6.6 million EAC-CPF records from EAD finding aids and authority records. Archival descriptions are complex and unique. Using standardized and required descriptive elements and special search interfaces would maximize the advantage of EAD encoding and extend opportunities for data sharing between institutions.

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