Hannah E Laue, Yuka Moroishi, Thomas J Palys, Brock C Christensen, Rachel L Criswell, Lisa A Peterson, Carin A Huset, Emily R Baker, Margaret R Karagas, Juliette C Madan, Megan E Romano
{"title":"早年接触全氟和多氟烷基物质与婴儿肠道微生物组成。","authors":"Hannah E Laue, Yuka Moroishi, Thomas J Palys, Brock C Christensen, Rachel L Criswell, Lisa A Peterson, Carin A Huset, Emily R Baker, Margaret R Karagas, Juliette C Madan, Megan E Romano","doi":"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000238","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human milk is rich in essential nutrients and immune-activating compounds but is also a source of toxicants including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Evidence suggests that immune-related effects of PFAS may, in part, be due to alterations of the microbiome. We aimed to identify the association between milk PFAS exposure and the infant gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)] were quantified in milk from ~6 weeks postpartum using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A molar sum (ΣPFAS) was calculated. Caregivers collected infant stool samples at 6 weeks (n = 116) and/or 1 year postpartum (n = 119). Stool DNA underwent metagenomic sequencing. We estimated the association of PFAS with diversity and relative abundances of species with linear regression. Single- and multi-PFAS models adjusted for potential confounders in complete case analyses and with imputed missing covariate data for 6-week and 1-year microbiomes separately. We assessed sensitive populations with stratification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PFOS and PFOA were detected in 94% and 83% of milk samples, respectively. PFOS was associated with increased diversity at 6 weeks among infants fed exclusively human milk [β = 0.24 per PFOS doubling, (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45), <i>P</i> = 0.03] and born to primiparous mothers [β = 0.37 (0.06, 0.67), <i>P</i> = 0.02]. Estimates were strongest in multi-PFAS models and among complete cases. ΣPFAS was associated with <i>Bacteroides vulgatus</i> relative abundance at 1 year [(β = -2.34% per doubling (-3.63, -1.05), FDR q = 0.099].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PFAS may increase infant gut microbiome diversity and alter the relative abundance of biologically relevant bacteria. Additional analyses may identify related health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11713,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/00/cd/ee9-7-e238.PMC9916123.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Early-life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and infant gut microbial composition.\",\"authors\":\"Hannah E Laue, Yuka Moroishi, Thomas J Palys, Brock C Christensen, Rachel L Criswell, Lisa A Peterson, Carin A Huset, Emily R Baker, Margaret R Karagas, Juliette C Madan, Megan E Romano\",\"doi\":\"10.1097/EE9.0000000000000238\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Human milk is rich in essential nutrients and immune-activating compounds but is also a source of toxicants including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Evidence suggests that immune-related effects of PFAS may, in part, be due to alterations of the microbiome. We aimed to identify the association between milk PFAS exposure and the infant gut microbiome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)] were quantified in milk from ~6 weeks postpartum using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A molar sum (ΣPFAS) was calculated. Caregivers collected infant stool samples at 6 weeks (n = 116) and/or 1 year postpartum (n = 119). Stool DNA underwent metagenomic sequencing. We estimated the association of PFAS with diversity and relative abundances of species with linear regression. Single- and multi-PFAS models adjusted for potential confounders in complete case analyses and with imputed missing covariate data for 6-week and 1-year microbiomes separately. We assessed sensitive populations with stratification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PFOS and PFOA were detected in 94% and 83% of milk samples, respectively. PFOS was associated with increased diversity at 6 weeks among infants fed exclusively human milk [β = 0.24 per PFOS doubling, (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45), <i>P</i> = 0.03] and born to primiparous mothers [β = 0.37 (0.06, 0.67), <i>P</i> = 0.02]. Estimates were strongest in multi-PFAS models and among complete cases. ΣPFAS was associated with <i>Bacteroides vulgatus</i> relative abundance at 1 year [(β = -2.34% per doubling (-3.63, -1.05), FDR q = 0.099].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PFAS may increase infant gut microbiome diversity and alter the relative abundance of biologically relevant bacteria. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
母乳富含人体必需的营养物质和免疫激活化合物,但同时也是包括全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 在内的有毒物质的来源。有证据表明,PFAS 对免疫的影响可能部分是由于微生物组的改变。我们旨在确定牛奶中 PFAS 暴露与婴儿肠道微生物组之间的关联:采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对产后约 6 周的母乳中的 PFAS [全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 和全氟辛酸 (PFOA)] 进行了定量。计算出摩尔总和(ΣPFAS)。护理人员收集了产后 6 周(116 人)和/或产后 1 年(119 人)的婴儿粪便样本。粪便 DNA 进行了元基因组测序。我们通过线性回归估算了 PFAS 与物种多样性和相对丰度的关系。单PFAS和多PFAS模型在完整病例分析中对潜在混杂因素进行了调整,并对6周和1年微生物组的缺失协变量数据分别进行了估算。我们对敏感人群进行了分层评估:在94%和83%的牛奶样本中分别检测到了全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸。纯母乳喂养的婴儿[β = 0.24 per PFOS doubling, (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45), P = 0.03]和初产母亲所生的婴儿[β = 0.37 (0.06, 0.67), P = 0.02]6周时,PFOS与多样性增加有关。在多 PFAS 模型和完整病例中,估计值最强。ΣPFAS与1岁时硫杆菌的相对丰度有关[(β = -2.34% per doubling (-3.63, -1.05), FDR q = 0.099]:结论:PFAS 可能会增加婴儿肠道微生物组的多样性,并改变生物相关细菌的相对丰度。其他分析可能会确定相关的健康结果。
Early-life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and infant gut microbial composition.
Human milk is rich in essential nutrients and immune-activating compounds but is also a source of toxicants including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Evidence suggests that immune-related effects of PFAS may, in part, be due to alterations of the microbiome. We aimed to identify the association between milk PFAS exposure and the infant gut microbiome.
Methods: PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)] were quantified in milk from ~6 weeks postpartum using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A molar sum (ΣPFAS) was calculated. Caregivers collected infant stool samples at 6 weeks (n = 116) and/or 1 year postpartum (n = 119). Stool DNA underwent metagenomic sequencing. We estimated the association of PFAS with diversity and relative abundances of species with linear regression. Single- and multi-PFAS models adjusted for potential confounders in complete case analyses and with imputed missing covariate data for 6-week and 1-year microbiomes separately. We assessed sensitive populations with stratification.
Results: PFOS and PFOA were detected in 94% and 83% of milk samples, respectively. PFOS was associated with increased diversity at 6 weeks among infants fed exclusively human milk [β = 0.24 per PFOS doubling, (95% CI = 0.03, 0.45), P = 0.03] and born to primiparous mothers [β = 0.37 (0.06, 0.67), P = 0.02]. Estimates were strongest in multi-PFAS models and among complete cases. ΣPFAS was associated with Bacteroides vulgatus relative abundance at 1 year [(β = -2.34% per doubling (-3.63, -1.05), FDR q = 0.099].
Conclusions: PFAS may increase infant gut microbiome diversity and alter the relative abundance of biologically relevant bacteria. Additional analyses may identify related health outcomes.