肥胖症通过代谢和炎症机制调节对流感感染和疫苗接种的免疫反应

IF 12.6 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Annual review of nutrition Pub Date : 2022-08-22 DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-115937
Saame Raza Shaikh, Nancie J MacIver, Melinda A Beck
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引用次数: 0

摘要

COVID-19 大流行表明,肥胖本身是造成感染严重后果的一个重要风险因素,而与合并症无关。这种易感性与流感感染的模式相似;也就是说,肥胖是导致发病率和死亡率增加的独特风险因素。因此,了解肥胖如何导致应对呼吸道病毒感染的能力下降至关重要。在此,我们将讨论有关流感感染和疫苗接种的人类和动物研究,这些研究表明肥胖会损害免疫力。我们将介绍功能障碍的几种关键机制。这些机制包括系统和细胞水平的变化,这些变化使免疫细胞的新陈代谢和功能失调,以及肥胖如何导致控制炎症和感染缓解的代谢物缺乏。最后,我们讨论了知识方面的主要差距,特别是与饮食和机制有关的差距,这些差距将推动未来的努力,以改善日益肥胖的人群应对呼吸道病毒感染的结果。
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Obesity Dysregulates the Immune Response to Influenza Infection and Vaccination Through Metabolic and Inflammatory Mechanisms.

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that obesity alone, independent of comorbidities, is a significant risk factor for severe outcomes from infection. This susceptibility mirrors a similar pattern with influenza infection; that is, obesity is a unique risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to understand how obesity contributes to a reduced ability to respond to respiratory viral infections. Herein, we discuss human and animal studies with influenza infection and vaccination that show obesity impairs immunity. We cover several key mechanisms for the dysfunction. These mechanisms include systemic and cellular level changes that dysregulate immune cell metabolism and function in addition to how obesity promotes deficiencies in metabolites that control the resolution of inflammation and infection. Finally, we discuss major gaps in knowledge, particularly as they pertain to diet and mechanisms, which will drive future efforts to improve outcomes in response to respiratory viral infections in an increasingly obese population.

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来源期刊
Annual review of nutrition
Annual review of nutrition 医学-营养学
CiteScore
15.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
19
期刊介绍: Annual Review of Nutrition Publication History:In publication since 1981 Scope:Covers significant developments in the field of nutrition Topics Covered Include: Energy metabolism; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Proteins and amino acids; Vitamins; Minerals; Nutrient transport and function; Metabolic regulation; Nutritional genomics; Molecular and cell biology; Clinical nutrition; Comparative nutrition; Nutritional anthropology; Nutritional toxicology; Nutritional microbiology; Epidemiology; Public health nutrition
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