评估空气污染与健康研究中的种族问题:种族、PM2.5 空气污染暴露和死亡率案例研究。

IF 7.4 2区 医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Current Environmental Health Reports Pub Date : 2023-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-23 DOI:10.1007/s40572-023-00390-y
Margaret T Hicken, Devon Payne-Sturges, Ember McCoy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

审查目的:空气污染暴露中的种族不平等已被记录在案。人们还对记录种族在空气污染与健康之间的联系中的调节作用很感兴趣。然而,这方面的实证文献得出的结果不一,对政策的影响可能也不明确。作为种族、污染和健康文献的一个案例研究,我们对近期有关美国种族和空气污染暴露对成人死亡率的互动关系的实证论文进行了批判性评估。具体而言,我们评估了这些研究对种族的概念化和讨论,以及对种族变量的使用,这可能会导致在这一特定文献和更广泛的文献中出现模棱两可的结果和政策含义:我们评估了从 2016 年到 2022 年的十项实证研究,这些研究涉及种族在美国短期和长期 PM2.5 暴露与特定类型的成人死亡率(全因、非意外、心脏或心血管疾病)之间的关联中的调节作用。除了对实证结果进行比较和对比外,我们还重点回顾了种族和种族变量的概念化、测量、建模和讨论。总体而言,研究结果表明,种族在 PM2.5 暴露与死亡率之间的关联中没有发挥一致的作用。此外,对种族的概念化和讨论往往是简短和不完整的,甚至当经验结果出乎意料或违背直觉时也是如此。在流行病学和环境流行病学文献近期讨论的基础上,我们更具体地详细讨论了种族的含义、种族变量以及一些人认为由种族变量所代表的文化和结构性种族主义。我们利用人文和社会科学的理论学术成果以及环境文献中的实证研究成果,为未来的研究提供建议,从而为社会和环境政策提供证据基础。
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Evaluating Race in Air Pollution and Health Research: Race, PM2.5 Air Pollution Exposure, and Mortality as a Case Study.

Purpose of review: Racial inequities in air pollution exposure have been documented. There is also interest in documenting the modifying role of race in the link between air pollution and health. However, the empirical literature in this area has yielded mixed results with potentially unclear policy implications. We critically evaluate recent empirical papers on the interactive association between race and air pollution exposure on adult mortality in the USA as a case study of the race, pollution, and health literature. Specifically, we evaluate these studies for the conceptualization and discussion of race and the use of race variables that may contribute to the ambiguous results and policy implications both in this specific literature and in the broader literature.

Recent findings: We evaluate ten empirical studies from 2016 to 2022 on the modifying role of race in the association between short- and long-term PM2.5 exposure and specific types of adult mortality (all cause, non-accidental, and heart or cardiovascular diseases) in the USA. In addition to comparing and contrasting the empirical results, we focus our review on the conceptualization, measurement, modeling, and discussion of race and the race variables. Overall, the results indicate no consistent role of race in the association between PM2.5 exposure and mortality. Moreover, conceptualization and discussion of race was often brief and incomplete, even when the empirical results were unexpected or counterintuitive. To build on recent discussions in the epidemiology and environmental epidemiology literature more specifically, we provide a detailed discussion of the meaning of race, the race variables, and the cultural and structural racism that some argue are proxied by race variables. We use theoretical scholarship from the humanities and social sciences along with empirical work from the environmental literature to provide recommendations for future research that can provide an evidence base to inform both social and environmental policy.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
1.30%
发文量
47
期刊介绍: Current Environmental Health Reports provides up-to-date expert reviews in environmental health. The goal is to evaluate and synthesize original research in all disciplines relevant for environmental health sciences, including basic research, clinical research, epidemiology, and environmental policy.
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