为解决非同一性问题的专制方法辩护。

IF 1.6 Q2 ETHICS Monash Bioethics Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-26 DOI:10.1007/s40592-023-00177-9
Joona Räsänen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如果你可以创造一个视力正常的孩子,那么通过体外受精创造一个失明的孩子是错的吗?直觉上,许多人认为这是错误的,但这种信念很难证明是正确的。当有可能创造和选择“失明”或“有视力”的胚胎时,选择一组“失明”的胚胎似乎不会伤害任何人,因为选择“有视力”的胚胎会创造一个完全不同的孩子。因此,当父母选择“盲”胚胎时,他们会给某个特定的个体一个生命,这是她唯一的选择。因为她的生命是值得活下去的(就像盲人的生命一样),父母并没有因为创造了她而冤枉了孩子。这就是著名的非同一性问题背后的原因。我认为非同一性问题是基于一种误解。我声称,当选择一个“盲目”的胚胎时,准父母伤害了“他们的孩子”,无论她或他将是谁。换句话说:父母伤害他们的孩子是出于自愿,这在道德上是错误的。
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Defending the de dicto approach to the non-identity problem.

Is it wrong to create a blind child, for example by in vitro fertilization, if you could create a sighted child instead? Intuitively many people believe it is wrong, but this belief is difficult to justify. When there is a possibility to create and select either 'blind' or 'sighted' embryos choosing a set of 'blind' embryos seems to harm no-one since choosing 'sighted' embryos would create a different child altogether. So when the parents choose 'blind' embryos, they give some specific individual a life that is the only option for her. Because her life is worth living (as blind peoples' lives are), the parents have not wronged the child by creating her. This is the reasoning behind the famous non-identity problem. I suggest that the non-identity problem is based on a misunderstanding. I claim that when choosing a 'blind' embryo, prospective parents harm 'their child', whoever she or he will be. Put another way: parents harm their child in the de dicto sense and that is morally wrong.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.20%
发文量
16
期刊介绍: Monash Bioethics Review provides comprehensive coverage of traditional topics and emerging issues in bioethics. The Journal is especially concerned with empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Monash Bioethics Review also regularly publishes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. Produced by the Monash University Centre for Human Bioethics since 1981 (originally as Bioethics News), Monash Bioethics Review is the oldest peer reviewed bioethics journal based in Australia–and one of the oldest bioethics journals in the world. An international forum for empirically-informed philosophical bioethical analysis with policy relevance. Includes empirical studies providing explicit ethical analysis and/or with significant ethical or policy implications. One of the oldest bioethics journals, produced by a world-leading bioethics centre. Publishes papers up to 13,000 words in length. Unique New Feature: All Articles Open for Commentary
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