REALizing and improving management of stable COPD in China: results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study (REAL).

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management in China is far from adequate; underdiagnosis and undertreatment are major barriers to optimal care and improved patient outcomes.

Objective: To generate reliable information on COPD management, outcomes, treatment patterns and adherence, and disease knowledge in China in a real-world setting.

Design: A 52-week multicentre, prospective, observational study.

Methods: Outpatients (⩾40 years old) diagnosed with COPD were enrolled from 50 secondary and tertiary hospitals across six geographical regions. Data were collected in routine clinical practice.

Results: Between June 2017 and January 2019, 5013 patients were enrolled and 4978 included in the analysis. Mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 66.2 (8.9) years, 79.5% were male and 90% had moderate-to-very-severe airflow limitation. Annual rates of overall and severe exacerbation were 0.56 and 0.31, respectively. During 1 year, 1536 (30.8%) patients experienced ⩾1 exacerbation and 960 (19.3%) patients had ⩾1 exacerbation requiring hospitalization/emergency visit. Mean (SD) COPD assessment test score was 14.6 (7.6) at baseline and 10.6 (6.8) at follow-up; however, 42-55% of patients had persistent dyspnoea, chest tightness and wheezing at 1 year. The most prescribed treatments were inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) (36.0%), ICS/LABA + long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) (17.7%) and LAMA monotherapy (15.3%). Among patients with high exacerbation risk (GOLD Groups C and D), 10.1% and 13.1%, respectively, did not receive any long-acting inhalers; only 53.8% and 63.6% of Group C and D patients with ⩾1 exacerbation during follow-up were prescribed ICS-containing therapy, respectively. Mean (SD) adherence for long-acting inhalers was 59.0% (34.3%). Mean (SD) score for the COPD questionnaire was 6.7 (2.4).

Conclusion: These results indicate a high burden of severe exacerbations and symptoms in Chinese outpatients with COPD, and low adherence with treatment guidelines, highlighting the need for more effective management nationwide.

Registration: The trial was registered on 20 March 2017 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03131362).