Effector-Triggered免疫力。

IF 26.9 1区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI:10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-031732
Brenna C Remick, Moritz M Gaidt, Russell E Vance
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引用次数: 7

摘要

先天免疫系统通过种系编码受体检测病原体,这些受体结合到保守的病原体配体上,称为病原体相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs)。在这里,我们考虑一种额外的病原体感知策略,称为效应触发免疫(ETI)。ETI涉及检测病原体编码的毒力因子,也称为效应物。病原体产生效应物操纵宿主创造复制生态位和/或阻断宿主免疫。与PAMPs不同,效应物通常是多种多样且快速进化的,因此可能不适合由种系编码受体直接检测。相反,效应物通常是通过检测其毒力活动来间接感知的。ETI是一种可行的病原体感知策略,可用于包括植物在内的多种门,但与简单的基于受体/配体的PAMP检测相比,ETI的分子机制更为复杂。在这里,我们调查了ETI的机制和功能,特别关注动物研究的新见解。我们认为许多ETI的例子可能仍有待发现,隐藏在整个免疫学的视线中。
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Effector-Triggered Immunity.

The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here we consider an additional strategy of pathogen sensing called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors, also called effectors. Pathogens produce effectors to manipulate hosts to create a replicative niche and/or block host immunity. Unlike PAMPs, effectors are often diverse and rapidly evolving and can thus be unsuitable targets for direct detection by germline-encoded receptors. Effectors are instead often sensed indirectly via detection of their virulence activities. ETI is a viable strategy for pathogen sensing and is used across diverse phyla, including plants, but the molecular mechanisms of ETI are complex compared to simple receptor/ligand-based PAMP detection. Here we survey the mechanisms and functions of ETI, with a particular focus on emerging insights from animal studies. We suggest that many examples of ETI may remain to be discovered, hiding in plain sight throughout immunology.

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来源期刊
Annual review of immunology
Annual review of immunology 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
57.20
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Immunology, in publication since 1983, focuses on basic immune mechanisms and molecular basis of immune diseases in humans. Topics include innate and adaptive immunity; immune cell development and differentiation; immune control of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, parasites) and cancer; and human immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. The current volume of this journal has been converted from gated to open access through Annual Reviews' Subscribe to Open program, with all articles published under a CC BY license.
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