Substance use disorder in young adults with stroke: clinical characteristics and outcome

Objective

Stroke incidence among young adults has risen in the last decade. This research attempts to determine the effect of substance use disorder (SUD) on the clinical characteristics of stroke, mortality, outcome after IV thrombolysis, and functional dependency after 1 month among young adults.

Methods

Through a retrospective study, data were extracted from the electronic medical records of stroke in young adults admitted to intensive care units in Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital (February 2018–January 2021). The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the Modified Rankin Scale were documented at the onset and after 1 month.

Results

The study included 225 young adults with stroke (median age of 40, IQR: 34–44). Only 93 young adults (41%) met the criteria of SUD. Anabolic steroid use disorder was significantly associated with cerebral venous thrombosis (P-value = 0.02), while heroin use disorder was significantly associated with a hemorrhagic stroke (P-value = 0.01). Patients with tramadol, cannabis, and cocaine use disorders had significantly more frequent strokes in the posterior than the anterior circulation. Patients with heroin use disorders had significantly higher mortality than those without heroin use disorders (P-value = 0.01). The risk of poor outcomes was doubled by alcohol or heroin use disorder, while it was tripled by cocaine use disorder (P-value = 0.01 for each).

Conclusion

Forty-one percent of young adults diagnosed with a stroke had SUD, with a relatively higher posterior circulation involvement. Increased mortality was associated with heroin use disorder more than other substances. Poor stroke outcome was associated with alcohol, heroin, and cocaine use disorders.