R Glenn Weaver, James W White, Olivia Finnegan, Bridget Armstrong, Michael W Beets, Elizabeth L Adams, Sarah Burkart, Roddrick Dugger, Hannah Parker, Lauren von Klinggraeff, Meghan Bastyr, Xuanxuan Zhu, Alexsandra S Bandeira, Layton Reesor-Oyer, Christopher D Pfledderer, Jennette P Moreno
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BMI z-score (zBMI) was calculated using CDC growth charts. Behaviors were measured once per season. Mixed methods regression estimated monthly percent change in children's height (%HΔ), weight (%WΔ), and monthly zBMI for school year vs. summer vacation, seasonally, and during school months with no breaks vs. school months with a break ≥1 week. <b><i>Results:</i></b> School year vs. summer vacation analyses showed accelerations in children's %WΔ (Δ = 0.9, Standard Error (SE) = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.4, SE = 0.1) and zBMI (Δ = -0.01, SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.3) during summer vacation, but %HΔ remained relatively constant during summer vacation compared with school (Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.1). Seasonal analyses showed summer had the greatest %WΔ (Δ = 1.8, SE = 0.4) and zBMI change (Δ = 0.05, SE = 0.03) while %HΔ was relatively constant across seasons. Compared with school months without a break, months with a break showed higher %WΔ (Δ = 0.7, SE = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.6, SE = 0.2) and zBMI change (Δ = -0.03, SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.01), but %HΔ was constant (Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.1). Fluctuations in sleep timing and screen time may explain these changes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Evidence for both the CCRM and SDH was identified but the SDH may more fully explain BMI gain. Interventions targeting consistent sleep and reduced screen time during breaks from school may be warranted no matter the season.</p>","PeriodicalId":48842,"journal":{"name":"Childhood Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979692/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Understanding Accelerated Summer Body Mass Index Gain by Tracking Changes in Children's Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index Throughout the Year.\",\"authors\":\"R Glenn Weaver, James W White, Olivia Finnegan, Bridget Armstrong, Michael W Beets, Elizabeth L Adams, Sarah Burkart, Roddrick Dugger, Hannah Parker, Lauren von Klinggraeff, Meghan Bastyr, Xuanxuan Zhu, Alexsandra S Bandeira, Layton Reesor-Oyer, Christopher D Pfledderer, Jennette P Moreno\",\"doi\":\"10.1089/chi.2023.0029\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Drivers of summer body mass index (BMI) gain in children remain unclear. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：儿童夏季体重指数（BMI）增长的驱动因素仍不明确。昼夜节律和周期节律模型（CCRM）认为，夏季体重指数的增加是由生物因素驱动的，而结构日假说（SDH）则认为是由结构减少驱动的。目标：通过 CCRM 和 SDH，确定儿童体重指数季节性增长的驱动机制。方法：在学年期间每月测量一次儿童（人数=147，平均年龄=8.2 岁）的身高和体重，夏季（7 月至 8 月）测量一次。体重指数 z 值（zBMI）根据美国疾病预防控制中心的生长图表计算得出。每个季节测量一次行为。混合方法回归估算了儿童身高（%HΔ）、体重（%WΔ）和每月 zBMI 的月度变化百分比，包括学年与暑假、季节、无假期的学月与假期≥1 周的学月。结果显示学年与暑假分析表明，儿童的体重百分比Δ（Δ = 0.9，标准误差 (SE) = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.4，SE = 0.1）和 zBMI（Δ = -0.01，SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.3），但与学校相比，暑假期间 %HΔ 保持相对稳定（Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.1）。季节性分析表明，夏季的体重百分比Δ（Δ = 1.8，SE = 0.4）和 zBMI 变化最大（Δ = 0.05，SE = 0.03），而不同季节的体重百分比Δ相对稳定。与没有放假的学月相比，有放假的学月显示出更高的%WΔ（Δ = 0.7，SE = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.6，SE = 0.2）和 zBMI 变化（Δ = -0.03，SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04，SE = 0.01），但 %HΔ 不变（Δ = 0.4，SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.3，SE = 0.1）。睡眠时间和屏幕时间的波动可以解释这些变化。结论CCRM和SDH都有证据，但SDH可能更能解释BMI的增加。无论在哪个季节，都有必要在课余时间采取以保证睡眠和减少屏幕时间为目标的干预措施。
Understanding Accelerated Summer Body Mass Index Gain by Tracking Changes in Children's Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index Throughout the Year.
Background: Drivers of summer body mass index (BMI) gain in children remain unclear. The Circadian and Circannual Rhythm Model (CCRM) posits summer BMI gain is biologically driven, while the Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) proposes it is driven by reduced structure. Objectives: Identify the mechanisms driving children's seasonal BMI gain through the CCRM and SDH. Methods: Children's (N = 147, mean age = 8.2 years) height and weight were measured monthly during the school year, and once in summer (July-August). BMI z-score (zBMI) was calculated using CDC growth charts. Behaviors were measured once per season. Mixed methods regression estimated monthly percent change in children's height (%HΔ), weight (%WΔ), and monthly zBMI for school year vs. summer vacation, seasonally, and during school months with no breaks vs. school months with a break ≥1 week. Results: School year vs. summer vacation analyses showed accelerations in children's %WΔ (Δ = 0.9, Standard Error (SE) = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.4, SE = 0.1) and zBMI (Δ = -0.01, SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.3) during summer vacation, but %HΔ remained relatively constant during summer vacation compared with school (Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.1). Seasonal analyses showed summer had the greatest %WΔ (Δ = 1.8, SE = 0.4) and zBMI change (Δ = 0.05, SE = 0.03) while %HΔ was relatively constant across seasons. Compared with school months without a break, months with a break showed higher %WΔ (Δ = 0.7, SE = 0.1 vs. Δ = 1.6, SE = 0.2) and zBMI change (Δ = -0.03, SE = 0.01 vs. Δ = 0.04, SE = 0.01), but %HΔ was constant (Δ = 0.4, SE = 0.0 vs. Δ = 0.3, SE = 0.1). Fluctuations in sleep timing and screen time may explain these changes. Conclusions: Evidence for both the CCRM and SDH was identified but the SDH may more fully explain BMI gain. Interventions targeting consistent sleep and reduced screen time during breaks from school may be warranted no matter the season.
期刊介绍：
Childhood Obesity is the only peer-reviewed journal that delivers actionable, real-world obesity prevention and weight management strategies for children and adolescents. Health disparities and cultural sensitivities are addressed, and plans and protocols are recommended to effect change at the family, school, and community level. The Journal also reports on the problem of access to effective healthcare and delivers evidence-based solutions to overcome these barriers.
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