Falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels associated with fibrin interference in patients receiving oral anticoagulant therapy.

Objective: Unique clinical courses were observed in two asymptomatic patients receiving warfarin who referred to our hospital because of suspected central hyperthyroidism. We eventually diagnosed these patients with falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels caused by macroscopically invisible fibrin. Although false results caused by fibrin interference in vitro have been identified in various immunoassays, especially in blood samples from patients receiving anticoagulant therapy, no studies on thyroid function testing have been reported. The experience in evaluating these cases prompted us to investigate the independent influence of oral anticoagulants via putative fibrin interference on thyroid function testing.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed known contributing factors that affect thyroid function testing including age, gender, medication history, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and the seasons of hospital visits from participants who presented the Department of Health Checkup between April 2010 and December 2020.

Results: A propensity-matched analysis revealed that the median serum free thyroxine levels under oral anticoagulant were significantly higher (17.9 pmol/L, n = 60) than those without anticoagulants (16.0 pmol/L, n = 60; p < 0.001). It was noted that this difference was the largest among contributing factors we analyzed. No significant differences were noted in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels.

Conclusions: We report two patients receiving warfarin with falsely elevated thyroid hormone levels caused by fibrin interference resembling central hyperthyroidism for the first time. Our retrospective study suggests that the medication status of oral anticoagulants should be considered when evaluating thyroid function tests.