2050 年的植物育种会是什么样子?

IF 3.9 2区 生物学 Q1 GENETICS & HEREDITY Plant Genome Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-16 DOI:10.1002/tpg2.20368
Filippo M Bassi, Miguel Sanchez-Garcia, Rodomiro Ortiz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2000 年之交,许多学者对未来的植物育种进行了展望。20 年过去了,这些作者的设想有哪些成为了现实,又有哪些可能在未来的岁月里成为现实。经过二十年的争论,气候变化已成 "定局",粮食系统从最大限度地提高农业生产转向减少对环境的影响,而消费者对转基因生物的低评价也削弱了人们对其寄予的希望。我们在此修订了植物育种如何根据育种方程提高或降低遗传收益。通过许多实验规模的田间和实验室实施,以及统计模型的通俗化和将 DNA 标记纳入选择,"选择的准确性 "得到了显著提高。预育种真正促进了有用 "遗传变异 "的增加。缩短 "循环时间 "取得了长足进步,实现分母等于 "1 "已成为可能。保持较高的 "选育强度 "仍然是最大的挑战,因为尽管每个数据点的成本在稳步降低,但增加任何技术都会导致每个后代的成本增加。此外,随着更廉价的基因组工具的出现,以及参与式科学或公民科学的推广,品种和种子企业的概念可能会发生变化。技术和社会变革影响着新一代植物育种人员,使他们进一步远离田间工作,转而强调使用基于基因组的、依靠大数据的选育方法。我们设想了未来的植物育种家可能需要哪些技能来应对挑战,以及他们在田间工作的时间是否会减少。
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What plant breeding may (and may not) look like in 2050?

At the turn of 2000 many authors envisioned future plant breeding. Twenty years after, which of those authors' visions became reality or not, and which ones may become so in the years to come. After two decades of debates, climate change is a "certainty," food systems shifted from maximizing farm production to reducing environmental impact, and hopes placed into GMOs are mitigated by their low appreciation by consumers. We revise herein how plant breeding may raise or reduce genetic gains based on the breeder's equation. "Accuracy of Selection" has significantly improved by many experimental-scale field and laboratory implements, but also by vulgarizing statistical models, and integrating DNA markers into selection. Pre-breeding has really promoted the increase of useful "Genetic Variance." Shortening "Recycling Time" has seen great progression, to the point that achieving a denominator equal to "1" is becoming a possibility. Maintaining high "Selection Intensity" remains the biggest challenge, since adding any technology results in a higher cost per progeny, despite the steady reduction in cost per datapoint. Furthermore, the concepts of variety and seed enterprise might change with the advent of cheaper genomic tools to monitor their use and the promotion of participatory or citizen science. The technological and societal changes influence the new generation of plant breeders, moving them further away from field work, emphasizing instead the use of genomic-based selection methods relying on big data. We envisage what skills plant breeders of tomorrow might need to address challenges, and whether their time in the field may dwindle.

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来源期刊
Plant Genome
Plant Genome PLANT SCIENCES-GENETICS & HEREDITY
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
4.80%
发文量
93
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Plant Genome publishes original research investigating all aspects of plant genomics. Technical breakthroughs reporting improvements in the efficiency and speed of acquiring and interpreting plant genomics data are welcome. The editorial board gives preference to novel reports that use innovative genomic applications that advance our understanding of plant biology that may have applications to crop improvement. The journal also publishes invited review articles and perspectives that offer insight and commentary on recent advances in genomics and their potential for agronomic improvement.
期刊最新文献
Genome-wide association study uncovers pea candidate genes and metabolic pathways involved in rust resistance. Introducing CHiDO-A No Code Genomic Prediction software implementation for the characterization and integration of driven omics. Studies of genetic diversity and genome-wide association for vitamin C content in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using high-throughput SNP arrays. Translating weighted probabilistic bits to synthetic genetic circuits. Functional analysis of PagERF021 gene in salt stress tolerance in Populus alba × P. glandulosa.
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