中枢神经系统的初始髓鞘形成。

IF 3.9 4区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES ASN NEURO Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1177/17590914231163039
Qiang Yu, Teng Guan, Ying Guo, Jiming Kong
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引用次数: 0

摘要

髓鞘形成不仅有助于神经的快速传导,而且还有助于轴突的绝缘和保护。在中枢神经系统(CNS)中,髓鞘形成的初始过程是一个多步骤的过程,其中少突胶质前体细胞经历增殖和迁移,然后分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞。成熟的少突胶质细胞延伸突起并包裹在轴突周围,形成多层髓鞘。这些步骤受到多种细胞和分子机制的严格调控,如转录因子(oligg家族、Sox家族)、生长因子(PDGF、BDNF、FGF-2、IGF)、趋化因子/细胞因子(TGF-β、IL-1β、TNFα、IL-6、IFN-γ)、激素(T3)、轴突信号(PSA-NCAM、L1-CAM、LINGO-1、神经活性)和细胞内信号通路(Wnt/β-catenin、pi3k /AKT/mTOR、ERK/MAPK)。然而,初始髓鞘形成的基本机制尚未完全阐明。确定髓鞘形成的发生、发展和修复的关键机制将成为未来研究的重点。这篇综述的重点是目前对中枢神经系统髓鞘形成是如何开始的以及这一过程的调控机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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The Initial Myelination in the Central Nervous System.

Myelination contributes not only to the rapid nerve conduction but also to axonal insulation and protection. In the central nervous system (CNS), the initial myelination features a multistep process where oligodendrocyte precursor cells undergo proliferation and migration before differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes. Mature oligodendrocytes then extend processes and wrap around axons to form the multilayered myelin sheath. These steps are tightly regulated by various cellular and molecular mechanisms, such as transcription factors (Olig family, Sox family), growth factors (PDGF, BDNF, FGF-2, IGF), chemokines/cytokines (TGF-β, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IFN-γ), hormones (T3), axonal signals (PSA-NCAM, L1-CAM, LINGO-1, neural activity), and intracellular signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3 K/AKT/mTOR, ERK/MAPK). However, the fundamental mechanisms for initial myelination are yet to be fully elucidated. Identifying pivotal mechanisms for myelination onset, development, and repair will become the focus of future studies. This review focuses on the current understanding of how CNS myelination is initiated and also the regulatory mechanisms underlying the process.

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来源期刊
ASN NEURO
ASN NEURO NEUROSCIENCES-
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
35
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: ASN NEURO is an open access, peer-reviewed journal uniquely positioned to provide investigators with the most recent advances across the breadth of the cellular and molecular neurosciences. The official journal of the American Society for Neurochemistry, ASN NEURO is dedicated to the promotion, support, and facilitation of communication among cellular and molecular neuroscientists of all specializations.
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