用营养风险筛查评估住院患者的营养风险

Gemma Robleda-Font , Mariona Victòria-Moix-Gómez , Cristina Serrano-Herrera , Gemma Navarro-Cano
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摘要

目的确定成年患者入院时营养风险的发生率,并分析其与患者的社会人口学和临床因素的关系。方法2018年11月至12月,在巴塞罗那Santa Creu i Sant Pau医院对入院前48小时的患者进行横断面、分析和前瞻性研究。营养风险筛查(NRS-2002)用于检测营养不良。收集社会形态(年龄、性别)、临床(入院诊断、单位和合并症)和人体测量(体重、身高和BMI)数据。NRS和研究因素之间的相关性使用逻辑回归模型进行估计。结果285例患者平均年龄69.6岁(SD15),其中56.5%(161)≥70岁。入院时营养不良风险的发生率为35.1%(95%可信区间:29.8%-41.1%),这是既往接受过重症监护的患者的15.9倍(OR 15.90,1.82-139.11:p0.012);重症肺炎患者高10.35倍(OR 10.35;2.48-41.91:p 0.004),中风患者高5.6倍(OR 5.63;1.71-18.53:p 0.004)。然而,由于营养风险筛查的严重性标准的局限性,应谨慎解释本研究的结果。
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Identification of hospitalized patients with nutritional risk at admission assessed with the Nutrition Risk Screening

Objective

To determine the prevalence of nutritional risk in hospital admission of adult patients and to analyse its association with sociodemographic and clinical factors of the patients.

Method

Cross-sectional, analytical and prospective study carried out on patients at the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona between November and December 2018, during the first 48 h of hospital admission. Nutrition Risk Screening (NRS-2002) was used to detect malnutrition. Sociodemographic (age, sex), clinical (admission diagnosis, unit and comorbidities) and anthropometric (weight, height and BMI) data were collected. The association between the NRS and the study factors was estimated using a logistic regression model.

Result

285 patients with a mean age of 69.6 years (SD 15) were included, of which 56.5% (161) were ≥70 years. The prevalence of risk of malnutrition at hospital admission was 35.1% (95% CI: 29.8 %–41.1 %), this being 15.9 times higher in patients with a previous stay in intensive care (OR 15.90, 1.82–139.11: p 0.012); 10.35 times higher in patients with severe pneumonia (OR 10.35; 2.48–41.91: p 0.004) and 5.6 times higher in patients with stroke (OR 5.63; 1.71–18.53: p 0.004).

Conclusions

The prevalence of nutritional risk at admission was high and factors such as severe pneumonia, stroke and previous ICU admissions were associated with a higher risk of malnutrition. However, the findings of this study should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations of the severity criteria of the Nutrition Risk Screening.

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