2型糖尿病患者足部的自我护理。定性研究

María Isabel Bonilla-Carrasco , Elisabeth Rasero-Fernández , Mariela Aguayo-González , Sabiniana San Rafael-Gutiérrez
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摘要

目的了解65岁以上2型糖尿病患者足部自我护理的经验。方法采用描述性方法进行定性现象学研究。它是在加泰罗尼亚卫生研究所下属的巴塞罗那圣琼·德斯皮平面初级保健中心的设施中进行的。在数据收集方面,采用了半结构化的个人访谈,其中包含了有待探索的基本方面,而不是封闭式的,重点是研究目标。采访于2019年6月至2020年12月进行。在收集这些资料的同时,还进行了专题分析。结果最终样本为13人(4男9女)。坚持糖尿病足自我护理建议是不规则的。参与者解释了危险行为,尽管他们知道这些行为会对以前被认为是高风险的脚造成伤害。足科医生的评估假设了一些人负担不起的经济成本。结论护士必须对糖尿病患者如何护理足部进行详尽的随访,不仅在年度审查中,而且在患者每次参加糖尿病随访咨询时都坚持预防建议。需要有效的足科护士沟通,以改善糖尿病足疾病风险人群的预防和随访。
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Self-care of the feet in people with type 2 diabetes. A qualitative study

Objective

To understand the experiences of adults over 65 years of age with type 2 diabetes mellitus, regarding foot self-care.

Method

Qualitative phenomenological study with a descriptive approach. It is carried out in the facilities of the Primary Care Center of Les Planes de Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, belonging to the Catalan Institute of Health. For the data collection, a semi-structured and individual interview was used, with a script of basic aspects to be explored, not closed and focused on the objectives of the research. The interviews were carried out between June 2019 and December 2020. A thematic analysis was carried out concomitantly with the collection of these.

Results

A final sample of 13 persons (4 men and 9 women) participated in the study. Adherence to diabetic foot self-care recommendations is irregular. Participants explain risky behaviours despite knowing that they can cause injury to feet previously considered high risk. The evaluation of the podiatrist supposes an economic cost that some people cannot afford.

Conclusions

The nurse has to do an exhaustive follow-up of how persons with diabetes take care of her feet, insisting on preventive recommendations not only in the annual review but every time the person attends the diabetes follow-up consultation. Effective nurse-podiatrist communication is needed to improve prevention and follow-up of people at risk of diabetic foot disease.

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