Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Related to Adrenal Insufficiency in a Case due to Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type 1 with a Novel Variant.

Introduction: Primary adrenal insufficiency associated with cardiomyopathy has been rarely reported in children. We report a case of left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction related to adrenal insufficiency with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1).

Case presentation: A 7-year-old girl presented with a loss of consciousness. She had hyperpigmentation over joints and enamel hypoplasia. Laboratory tests showed hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia. Endocrine evaluations revealed low serum parathyroid hormone, low cortisol, and high ACTH. Echocardiography showed moderate to severe mitral regurgitation and LV systolic dysfunction. Serum pro-brain natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP) level was high (2,348 pg/mL). Adrenal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, and enamel dysplasia suggested APS1. A novel homozygous variant in the AIRE gene, NM_000383, p.Cys322Arg (c.964T>C) confirmed the diagnosis. Calcium, calcitriol, and hydrocortisone treatments were started. Serum pro-BNP level returned to normal, and LV systolic function improved.

Conclusion: Here, we present a case of adrenal insufficiency and hypoparathyroidism associated with LV systolic dysfunction whose cardiac findings improved completely with hydrocortisone and calcitriol treatments. Our case is the second reported case of APS1 presenting with LV dysfunction.