Co-occurrence of Culicoides guttipennis (Coquillett) with tree hole mosquito species, including Aedes albopictus Skuse, in container habitats in northwest Arkansas, U.S.A.

Natural and artificial water-filled containers serve as development sites for several larval Dipterans, including medically important mosquito species and Culicoides biting midges. Containers are discrete habitats with limited carrying capacity and high levels of both intra- and interspecific competition. While the outcomes of the interactions between mosquito species, particularly native and introduced Aedes, have been well described, competition between mosquitoes and other taxa, including Culicoides, is largely unstudied. To determine the extent of shared resource use between container-inhabiting mosquito and biting midge species, we surveyed water-filled natural and artificial container habitats in Washington County, AR. Larvae were collected from containers in the field and reared in the laboratory until the adult stage, where they were identified to species. Culicoides guttipennis, the only Culicoides species identified, co-occurred with four mosquito species, including the invasive Aedes albopictus. Culicoides larvae were more common in natural than artificial containers. Natural container samples from which Ae. albopictus emerged were significantly less likely to harbor Culicoides larvae than samples where that mosquito species was absent, suggesting the possibility that Ae. albopictus competes either directly or indirectly with other native taxa beyond congeners. Further research is needed on the nature of the interactions between Ae. albopictus and native Culicoides spp.