Laser-based killing of a macroparasite inside its live invertebrate host

Olivier Musset , Aude Balourdet , Marie-Jeanne Perrot-Minnot
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Abstract

Clearing infection is an essential step to address many issues in host-parasite interactions but is challenging when dealing with endoparasites of large size relative to that of their host. Here, we took advantage of the lethality, contactless and versatility of high-energy laser beam to achieve it, using thorny-headed worms (Acanthocephala) and their amphipod intermediate host as a model system. We show that laser-based de-parasitization can be achieved using 450 nm Blue Diode Laser targeting carotenoid pigments in the bird acanthocephalan Polymorphus minutus. Using proboscis evagination failure and DNA degradation to establish parasite death, we found that 80% P. minutus died from within-host exposure to 5 pulses of 50 ms duration, 1.4 W power. Survival of infected gammarids 11 days after laser treatment was 60%. Preliminary tests were also performed with Nanosecond-Green Laser targeting lipids in Pomphorhynchus tereticollis, another acanthocephalan parasite. We discuss the efficiency and side-effect of laser treatment in this host-parasite system and highlight the perspectives that this technology more generally offers in parasitology.

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用激光杀死寄生在无脊椎动物体内的大型寄生虫
清除感染是解决宿主-寄生虫相互作用中许多问题的重要步骤,但在处理相对于宿主大小较大的内寄生虫时具有挑战性。在这里,我们利用高能激光束的致命性、非接触性和多功能性,使用棘头虫(Acanthophala)及其两足类中间宿主作为模型系统来实现这一目标。我们表明,使用450 nm蓝色二极管激光靶向鸟类棘头虫Polymorphus minutus中的类胡萝卜素色素,可以实现基于激光的去寄生。利用长鼻排空失败和DNA降解来确定寄生虫死亡,我们发现80%的微小疟原虫死于宿主内暴露于5个持续时间为50ms、功率为1.4W的脉冲。激光治疗后11天,受感染的配子体的存活率为60%。还用Nanossecond绿色激光靶向另一种棘头类寄生虫圆管蛛的脂质进行了初步测试。我们讨论了激光治疗该宿主寄生虫系统的效率和副作用,并强调了该技术在寄生虫学中更普遍的前景。
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