NAD+ Precursors Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): Potential Dietary Contribution to Health.

IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1007/s13668-023-00475-y
Gabriela Fabiana Soares Alegre, Glaucia Maria Pastore
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Purpose of review: NAD+ is a vital molecule that takes part as a redox cofactor in several metabolic reactions besides being used as a substrate in important cellular signaling in regulation pathways for energetic, genotoxic, and infectious stress. In stress conditions, NAD+ biosynthesis and levels decrease as well as the activity of consuming enzymes rises. Dietary precursors can promote NAD+ biosynthesis and increase intracellular levels, being a potential strategy for reversing physiological decline and preventing diseases. In this review, we will show the biochemistry and metabolism of NAD+ precursors NR (nicotinamide riboside) and NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), the latest findings on their beneficial physiological effects, their interplay with gut microbiota, and the future perspectives for research in nutrition and food science fields.

Recent findings: NMN and NR demonstrated protect against diabetes, Alzheimer disease, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. They also reverse gut dysbiosis and promote beneficial effects at intestinal and extraintestinal levels. NR and NMN have been found in vegetables, meat, and milk, and microorganisms in fermented beverages can also produce them. NMN and NR can be obtained through the diet either in their free form or as metabolites derivate from the digestion of NAD+. The prospection of NR and NMN to find potential food sources and their dietary contribution in increasing NAD+ levels are still an unexplored field of research. Moreover, it could enable the development of new functional foods and processing strategies to maintain and enhance their physiological benefits, besides the studies of new raw materials for extraction and biotechnological development.

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NAD+前体烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)和烟酰胺核苷(NR):饮食对健康的潜在贡献。
综述目的:NAD+是一种重要的分子,除了在能量、遗传毒性和感染性应激的调节途径中作为重要的细胞信号传导的底物外,还作为氧化还原辅助因子参与多种代谢反应。在应激条件下,NAD+的生物合成和水平下降,消耗酶的活性上升。膳食前体可以促进NAD+的生物合成并增加细胞内水平,是逆转生理衰退和预防疾病的潜在策略。本文将对NAD+前体烟酰胺核苷(NR)和烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)的生物化学和代谢、其有益生理作用的最新发现、与肠道微生物群的相互作用以及未来在营养和食品科学领域的研究前景进行综述。最近的研究发现:NMN和NR可预防糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病、内皮功能障碍和炎症。它们还能逆转肠道生态失调,促进肠道和肠外水平的有益作用。在蔬菜、肉类和牛奶中发现了NR和NMN,发酵饮料中的微生物也能产生它们。NMN和NR可以通过日粮以游离形式获得,也可以作为NAD+消化的代谢物获得。利用NR和NMN寻找潜在的食物来源及其在提高NAD+水平中的作用仍是一个未开发的研究领域。此外,除了研究新的提取原料和生物技术开发外,还可以开发新的功能食品和加工策略,以保持和提高其生理效益。
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来源期刊
Current Nutrition Reports
Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
2.00%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.
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