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Ziziphus jujuba (Jujube) in Metabolic Syndrome: From Traditional Medicine to Scientific Validation. 大枣与代谢综合征:从传统医学到科学验证。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00581-5
Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Homa Fazeli Kakhki, Hossein Hosseinzadeh

Purpose of review: This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of Ziziphus jujuba and its main components in managing complications of metabolic syndrome, including diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension.

Recent findings: The reviewed studies provide evidence supporting the use of Z. jujuba and its main components (lupeol and betulinic acid) as natural treatments for complications of metabolic syndrome. These substances enhance glucose uptake through the activation of signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), reduce hepatic glucose synthesis, and increase glucose uptake by adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. They also improve insulin sensitivity by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and regulating insulin signaling proteins and glucose transporters. In the field of dyslipidemia, they inhibit triglyceride synthesis, lipid accumulation, and adipogenic enzymes, while influencing key signaling pathways involved in adipogenesis. Z. jujuba and its constituents demonstrate anti-adipogenic effects, inhibiting lipid accumulation and modulating adipogenic enzymes and transcription factors. They also exhibit positive effects on endothelial function and vascular health by enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, NO production, and antioxidant enzyme activity. Z. jujuba, lupeol, and betulinic acid hold promise as natural treatments for complications of metabolic syndrome. They improve glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles while exerting anti-adipogenic effects and enhancing endothelial function. However, further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and confirm their efficacy in clinical trials. These natural compounds offer potential as alternative therapies for metabolic disorders and contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of natural medicines in their management.

综述目的:本综述评估了酸枣仁及其主要成分在控制糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖和高血压等代谢综合征并发症方面的治疗潜力:综述研究提供的证据支持使用酸枣仁及其主要成分(羽扇豆醇和白桦脂酸)作为代谢综合征并发症的天然疗法。这些物质通过激活磷脂酰肌醇 3- 激酶 (PI3K)/ 蛋白激酶 B (Akt)等信号通路提高葡萄糖摄取量,减少肝脏葡萄糖合成,增加脂肪细胞和骨骼肌细胞的葡萄糖摄取量。它们还能通过调节 AMP 激活蛋白激酶 (AMPK) 的活性以及调节胰岛素信号蛋白和葡萄糖转运体来提高胰岛素敏感性。在血脂异常领域,它们能抑制甘油三酯的合成、脂质积累和脂肪生成酶,同时影响参与脂肪生成的关键信号通路。酸枣仁及其成分具有抗脂肪生成的作用,可抑制脂质积累,调节脂肪生成酶和转录因子。它们还通过增强内皮一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的表达、氮氧化物的产生和抗氧化酶的活性,对内皮功能和血管健康产生积极影响。泽泻、羽扇豆醇和白桦脂酸有望成为治疗代谢综合征并发症的天然药物。它们能改善葡萄糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性和血脂状况,同时具有抗脂肪生成的作用,并能增强内皮功能。然而,还需要进一步的研究来阐明其机制,并在临床试验中确认其疗效。这些天然化合物具有作为代谢紊乱替代疗法的潜力,并为越来越多的支持使用天然药物治疗代谢紊乱的证据做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Food Polyphenols in Radiation-Related Diseases: The Roles and Possible Mechanisms. 辐射相关疾病中的食物多酚:作用和可能的机制。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00582-4
Kaidi Li, Maxin Ji, Xiujuan Sun, Junyan Shan, Guangyue Su

Purpose of review: As science and technology continue to evolve, the potential harm of radiation to the human body cannot be overlooked. Radiation has the capacity to inflict cellular and body-wide damage. Polyphenols are a group of naturally occurring compounds that are found in an array of plant foods. Scientific studies have demonstrated that these compounds possess noteworthy anti-radiation efficacy. Furthermore, they have been observed to be less toxic at higher doses. In the present review, we discussed the mechanisms of ionizing radiation damage and the progress in the research on the radiation resistance mechanism of polyphenol compounds, to provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of radiation related diseases.

Recent findings: Food polyphenols can reduce the oxidative damage caused by ionizing radiation, clear free radicals, reduce DNA damage, regulate NF-KB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, Wnt and other signaling pathways, improve immune function, and have significant protective effects on radiation-induced inflammation, fibrosis, cancer and other aspects. In addition, it also has significant dual effects on radiation sensitization and radiation protection. Food polyphenols come from a wide range of sources, are abundant in daily food, and have no toxic side effects, demonstrating that food polyphenols have great advantages in preventing and treating radiation-related diseases.

审查目的:随着科学技术的不断发展,辐射对人体的潜在危害不容忽视。辐射能够对细胞和全身造成伤害。多酚是一类天然化合物,存在于各种植物性食物中。科学研究表明,这些化合物具有显著的抗辐射功效。此外,据观察,这些化合物在剂量较大时毒性较低。在本综述中,我们探讨了电离辐射损伤的机理以及多酚化合物抗辐射机理的研究进展,为预防和治疗辐射相关疾病提供指导:食品多酚能减轻电离辐射引起的氧化损伤,清除自由基,减少DNA损伤,调节NF-KB、MAPK、JAK/STAT、Wnt等信号通路,改善免疫功能,对辐射引起的炎症、纤维化、癌症等方面有显著的保护作用。此外,它还具有明显的辐射致敏和辐射防护双重作用。食物多酚来源广泛,在日常食物中含量丰富,且无毒副作用,这表明食物多酚在预防和治疗辐射相关疾病方面具有很大的优势。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. 短链脂肪酸在心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00564-6
Xunxun Wang, Yalan Dong, Renyin Huang, Fang Wang, Junke Xie, Hui Liu, Yan Wang, Yi Wang, Shanshan Luo, Desheng Hu

Purpose of review: This study aims to review the effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI).

Recent findings: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a well-known leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cardiac substrate metabolism plays the determinant role in assessing the severity of heart injury due to the abruptly shifted energy production during the MIRI. Fatty acids are the main energy fuels for the heart, which are classified into long-, medium- and short chain fatty acids by the length of carbon chain. SCFAs are the main metabolites derived from the anaerobic bacterial fermentation of fiber-rich diets, which are shown to play a protective role in cerebrovascular disease previously. Meanwhile, accumulating evidences suggest that SCFAs can also play a crucial role in cardiac energy metabolism. Results of various studies revealed the cardioprotective effects of SCFAs by displaying anti-inflammatory and anti-ferroptotic function, connecting gut-brain neural circuit and regulating the intestinal flora.

综述目的:本研究旨在回顾短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)在调节心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)方面的作用:众所周知,冠心病(CHD)是导致全球死亡和残疾的主要原因。由于心肌缺血再灌注损伤期间能量生产的突然转变,心脏底物代谢在评估心脏损伤的严重程度方面起着决定性作用。脂肪酸是心脏的主要能量燃料,按碳链长度可分为长链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸和短链脂肪酸。SCFAs 是富含纤维的膳食在厌氧细菌发酵过程中产生的主要代谢产物,以前曾被证明对脑血管疾病有保护作用。同时,越来越多的证据表明,SCFAs 在心脏能量代谢中也能发挥重要作用。多项研究结果表明,SCFAs 具有抗炎、抗发炎、连接肠道-大脑神经回路和调节肠道菌群等保护心脏的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Effects of Coenzyme Q10 in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. 辅酶Q10在治疗缺血性中风中的疗效。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00568-2
Zhilei Jia, Xiaoya Yu, Xu Wang, Jinhua Li

Purpose of review: Ischemic stroke is the second deadly disease worldwide, but current treatment is very limited. The brain, rich in lipids and high in oxygen consumption, is susceptible to damage from oxidative stress after ischemic stroke. Thus, antioxidants are promising neuroprotective agents for treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke. Coenzyme Q10 is the only lipophilic antioxidant that can be synthesized de novo by cells and plays a key role as an electron carrier in the oxidative phosphorylation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) levels are significantly deficient in the brain. The aim of this article is to review the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of coenzyme Q10 in ischemic stroke.

Recent findings: Current studies have found that coenzyme Q10 protects and treats ischemic stroke through multiple mechanisms based on the evidence from in vitro experiments, in vivo experiments, and clinical observations. For the first time, we reviewed the neuroprotective effects of coenzyme Q10 in ischemic stroke. Coenzyme Q10 exerts neuroprotective effects after ischemic stroke through anti-oxidative stress, anti-nitrosative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-cell death. Here, we provided the evidence on the therapeutic and preventive effects of coenzyme Q10 in ischemic stroke and suggested the potential value of coenzyme Q10 as a medication candidate.

回顾的目的:缺血性中风是全球第二大致命疾病,但目前的治疗手段非常有限。大脑富含脂质,耗氧量高,缺血性中风后很容易受到氧化应激的损害。因此,抗氧化剂是治疗和预防缺血性中风的有希望的神经保护剂。辅酶 Q10 是唯一可由细胞从头合成的亲脂性抗氧化剂,在线粒体电子传递链的氧化磷酸化过程中作为电子载体发挥着关键作用。然而,在大脑中,还原型辅酶Q10(泛酰辅酶Q10)的含量严重不足。本文旨在综述辅酶Q10对缺血性中风的治疗作用和机制:目前的研究发现,基于体外实验、体内实验和临床观察的证据,辅酶Q10通过多种机制保护和治疗缺血性脑卒中。我们首次综述了辅酶Q10对缺血性中风的神经保护作用。辅酶Q10通过抗氧化应激、抗亚硝基应激、抗炎症和抗细胞死亡等作用发挥缺血性脑卒中后的神经保护作用。在此,我们提供了辅酶Q10对缺血性中风的治疗和预防作用的证据,并提出了辅酶Q10作为候选药物的潜在价值。
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引用次数: 0
Unexplored Opportunities of Utilizing Food Waste in Food Product Development for Cardiovascular Health. 利用食物垃圾开发心血管健康食品的新机遇。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00571-7
Siraphat Taesuwan, Wachira Jirarattanarangsri, Sutee Wangtueai, Malik A Hussain, Senaka Ranadheera, Said Ajlouni, Idris Kaida Zubairu, Nenad Naumovski, Yuthana Phimolsiripol

Purpose of review: Global food production leads to substantial amounts of agricultural and food waste that contribute to climate change and hinder international efforts to end food insecurity and poverty. Food waste is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fibers, phenolic compounds, lipids, and bioactive peptides. These compounds can be used to create food products that help reduce heart disease risk and promote sustainability. This review examines the potential cardiovascular benefits of nutrients found in different food waste categories (such as fruits and vegetables, cereal, dairy, meat and poultry, and seafood), focusing on animal and clinical evidence, and giving examples of functional food products in each category.

Recent findings: Current evidence suggests that consuming fruit and vegetable pomace, cereal bran, and whey protein may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in individuals who are at risk. This is due to improved lipid profile, reduced blood pressure and increased flow-mediated dilation, enhanced glucose and insulin regulation, decreased inflammation, as well as reduced platelet aggregation and improved endothelial function. However, the intervention studies are limited, including a low number of participants and of short duration. Food waste has great potential to be utilized as cardioprotective products. Longer-term intervention studies are necessary to substantiate the health claims of food by-products. Technological advances are needed to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Implementing safety assessments and regulatory frameworks for functional food derived from food waste is crucial. This is essential for maximizing the potential of food waste, reducing carbon footprint, and improving human health.

审查目的:全球粮食生产导致了大量的农业和食物浪费,加剧了气候变化,阻碍了国际社会消除粮食不安全和贫困的努力。食物垃圾是维生素、矿物质、纤维、酚类化合物、脂类和生物活性肽的丰富来源。这些化合物可用于制造有助于降低心脏病风险和促进可持续发展的食品。本综述研究了不同食物垃圾类别(如水果和蔬菜、谷物、乳制品、肉类和家禽以及海鲜)中的营养素对心血管的潜在益处,重点关注动物和临床证据,并列举了每个类别中功能食品的实例:目前的证据表明,食用果蔬渣、谷物麸皮和乳清蛋白可降低心血管疾病的风险,尤其是对高危人群而言。这是由于血脂状况得到改善,血压降低,血流介导的扩张增加,葡萄糖和胰岛素调节增强,炎症减少,以及血小板聚集减少和内皮功能改善。然而,这些干预研究都很有限,包括参与人数少和持续时间短。食物垃圾具有作为心脏保护产品的巨大潜力。有必要进行更长期的干预研究,以证实食品副产品的健康声明。需要技术进步来提高生物活性化合物的稳定性和生物利用率。对从食物垃圾中提取的功能性食品实施安全评估和监管框架至关重要。这对于最大限度地发挥食物垃圾的潜力、减少碳足迹和改善人类健康至关重要。
{"title":"Unexplored Opportunities of Utilizing Food Waste in Food Product Development for Cardiovascular Health.","authors":"Siraphat Taesuwan, Wachira Jirarattanarangsri, Sutee Wangtueai, Malik A Hussain, Senaka Ranadheera, Said Ajlouni, Idris Kaida Zubairu, Nenad Naumovski, Yuthana Phimolsiripol","doi":"10.1007/s13668-024-00571-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13668-024-00571-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Global food production leads to substantial amounts of agricultural and food waste that contribute to climate change and hinder international efforts to end food insecurity and poverty. Food waste is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, fibers, phenolic compounds, lipids, and bioactive peptides. These compounds can be used to create food products that help reduce heart disease risk and promote sustainability. This review examines the potential cardiovascular benefits of nutrients found in different food waste categories (such as fruits and vegetables, cereal, dairy, meat and poultry, and seafood), focusing on animal and clinical evidence, and giving examples of functional food products in each category.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Current evidence suggests that consuming fruit and vegetable pomace, cereal bran, and whey protein may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in individuals who are at risk. This is due to improved lipid profile, reduced blood pressure and increased flow-mediated dilation, enhanced glucose and insulin regulation, decreased inflammation, as well as reduced platelet aggregation and improved endothelial function. However, the intervention studies are limited, including a low number of participants and of short duration. Food waste has great potential to be utilized as cardioprotective products. Longer-term intervention studies are necessary to substantiate the health claims of food by-products. Technological advances are needed to improve the stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. Implementing safety assessments and regulatory frameworks for functional food derived from food waste is crucial. This is essential for maximizing the potential of food waste, reducing carbon footprint, and improving human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10844,"journal":{"name":"Current Nutrition Reports","volume":" ","pages":"896-913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dietary Recommendations for Glioma: A Mini-Review. 胶质瘤的饮食建议:微型综述。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00577-1
Fatemeh Almasi, Mohammad Nemati, Azadeh Aminianfar

Purpose of review: Glioma is the most common type of brain cancer, associated with a high mortality rate. Diet is one of the most modifiable factors that can influence the risk of various cancers, including glioma. While the relationship between diet and glioma has been explored in recent years, the number of studies in this area remains limited, and the findings are often controversial. Moreover, all existing studies are observational, which means they may be influenced by a range of confounding variables. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and informative overview of the dietary recommendations related to glioma that have been published to date.

Recent findings: Research suggests that adherence to healthy dietary patterns-such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet, Paleolithic diet, high-protein dietary patterns, and vegetarian dietary patterns-may be associated with a reduced risk of glioma. These diets are rich in phytochemicals and antioxidants. Additionally, certain food groups, including fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, eggs, fresh fish, tea, and coffee, are emphasized for their protective effects against glioma. Conversely, adherence to unhealthy dietary patterns, such as the Western diet, or diets with high inflammatory potential, glycemic and insulinemic loads, and high consumption of grains (especially refined grains), processed meats, and processed fish, has been linked to an increased risk of glioma. Current studies suggest that following a healthy diet may reduce the odds of developing glioma. However, due to the limited number of studies and the observational nature of the existing research, further investigations with more robust designs, such as randomized controlled trials, are needed to clarify these associations.

审查目的:胶质瘤是最常见的脑癌,死亡率很高。饮食是影响包括胶质瘤在内的各种癌症风险的最可改变的因素之一。虽然近年来人们一直在探讨饮食与胶质瘤之间的关系,但这方面的研究数量仍然有限,而且研究结果往往存在争议。此外,所有现有研究都是观察性的,这意味着它们可能受到一系列混杂变量的影响。在这篇微型综述中,我们旨在全面、翔实地概述迄今为止已发表的与胶质瘤相关的饮食建议:研究表明,坚持健康的饮食模式--如地中海饮食、膳食法抗高血压(DASH)饮食、地中海-DASH 神经退行性延迟干预(MIND)饮食、旧石器时代饮食、高蛋白饮食模式和素食饮食模式--可能与胶质瘤风险的降低有关。这些饮食富含植物化学物质和抗氧化剂。此外,某些食物类别,包括水果、蔬菜、豆类、坚果、鸡蛋、鲜鱼、茶和咖啡,因其对胶质瘤的保护作用而受到重视。相反,坚持不健康的饮食模式,如西方饮食,或炎症可能性大、血糖和胰岛素负荷高的饮食,以及大量食用谷物(尤其是精制谷物)、加工肉类和加工鱼类,则与脑胶质瘤风险增加有关。目前的研究表明,健康的饮食习惯可以降低患神经胶质瘤的几率。不过,由于研究数量有限,而且现有研究都是观察性的,因此需要采用更稳健的设计(如随机对照试验)进行进一步调查,以澄清这些关联。
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引用次数: 0
Folic Acid as a Potential Vitamin in Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review. 叶酸是控制血糖的潜在维生素:系统综述
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00565-5
Gökçe Sueda Aydoğdu, Buket Akyakar, Zeynep Kalaycı, Ayda Uçar, Makbule Gezmen-Karadağ

Purpose: This systematic review aims to examine the relationship between serum folate level and folic acid supplements with glycemic control parameters (fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin level, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)) in adult individuals with current studies.

Methods: In this study, which was designed as a systematic review, the searches were performed on Web of Science, Science Direct, Medline, Wiley, and Cochrane Library databases between April 10, 2023, and May 10, 2023, and the searches were updated between October 16, 2023, and November 14, 2023. Of the 1855 studies obtained from the screening, 17 met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. The PROSPERO system registered the study protocol (ID: CRD42023472434).

Recent findings: Although no significant correlation was found between serum folate levels and glycemic control parameters in most of the cross-sectional studies included in this systematic review, most of the randomized controlled trials showed that glycemic control parameters (FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR) decreased significantly in the intervention group receiving folic acid supplementation compared to the control group. However, study durations were short, and HbA1c needed to be evaluated in most studies. This makes it difficult to get information about the long-term effects of folic acid supplementation. More comprehensive studies should be conducted to draw more precise conclusions about the relationship between folic acid levels and folic acid supplementation with glycemic control parameters.

目的:本系统综述旨在通过目前的研究,探讨成人血清叶酸水平和叶酸补充剂与血糖控制参数(空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗静态模型评估(HOMA-IR)和血红蛋白A1C(HbA1c))之间的关系:本研究为系统性综述,于 2023 年 4 月 10 日至 2023 年 5 月 10 日期间在 Web of Science、Science Direct、Medline、Wiley 和 Cochrane Library 数据库中进行了检索,并于 2023 年 10 月 16 日至 2023 年 11 月 14 日期间对检索结果进行了更新。在筛选出的 1855 项研究中,有 17 项符合标准,被纳入系统综述。PROSPERO系统注册了该研究方案(ID:CRD42023472434):尽管在本系统综述所纳入的大多数横断面研究中未发现血清叶酸水平与血糖控制参数之间存在明显的相关性,但大多数随机对照试验显示,与对照组相比,叶酸补充剂干预组的血糖控制参数(FBG、胰岛素、HOMA-IR)明显下降。然而,研究持续时间较短,而且大多数研究都需要对 HbA1c 进行评估。因此很难获得叶酸补充剂的长期效果信息。应进行更全面的研究,以便就叶酸水平和叶酸补充与血糖控制参数之间的关系得出更准确的结论。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview on the Effects of Some Carotenoids on Health: Lutein and Zeaxanthin. 概述某些类胡萝卜素对健康的影响:叶黄素和玉米黄质
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00579-z
Nevin Sanlier, Elif Yildiz, Ebru Ozler

Purpose of review: In this review, the chemical properties, nutritional sources, absorption mechanisms, metabolism, biosynthesis and promising health-related benefits of lutein and zeaxanthin were emphasized and some recommendations for the future studies are suggested.

Recent findings: Lutein and zeaxanthin are phytochemical compounds in the carotenoid group and are synthesised only by plants. All mammals get lutein and zeaxanthin into their bodies by consuming plant-based foods. Especially leafy green vegetables, broccoli, pumpkin, cabbage, spinach and egg yolk are rich in lutein and zeaxanthin. Lutein and zeaxanthin have potential health effects by preventing free radical formation, exhibiting protective properties against oxidative damage and reducing oxidative stress. These compounds have neuroprotective, cardioprotective, ophthalmological, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-osteoporosis, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and antimicrobial effects. The preventive properties of lutein and zeaxanthin against numerous diseases have attracted attention recently. Further clinical trials with large samples are needed to make generalisations in the prevention and treatment of diseases and to determine the appropriate doses and forms of lutein and zeaxanthin.

综述的目的:在这篇综述中,强调了叶黄素和玉米黄质的化学特性、营养来源、吸收机制、新陈代谢、生物合成以及与健康相关的潜在益处,并对未来研究提出了一些建议:叶黄素和玉米黄质是类胡萝卜素类的植物化学化合物,仅由植物合成。所有哺乳动物都能通过食用植物类食物将叶黄素和玉米黄质摄入体内。特别是绿叶蔬菜、西兰花、南瓜、卷心菜、菠菜和蛋黄中含有丰富的叶黄素和玉米黄质。叶黄素和玉米黄质可防止自由基的形成,对氧化损伤具有保护作用,并能减少氧化应激,从而对健康产生潜在影响。这些化合物具有神经保护、心脏保护、眼科、抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗骨质疏松症、抗糖尿病、抗肥胖和抗菌作用。叶黄素和玉米黄质对多种疾病的预防作用最近引起了人们的关注。要对疾病的预防和治疗进行归纳,并确定叶黄素和玉米黄质的适当剂量和形式,还需要进一步开展大样本临床试验。
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引用次数: 0
Are the Effects of Bioactive Components on Human Health a Myth?: Black Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) from Exotic Fruits. 生物活性成分对人体健康的影响是个神话吗?外来水果中的黑接骨木果(Sambucus nigra L.)。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00572-6
Nevin Sanlier, Zeynep Bengisu Ejder, Esra Irmak

Purpose of review: Black elderberry has come to the fore in recent years due to its health benefits. Black elderberry fruit (Sambucus nigra L.), collected from natural sources, has a rich content of protein, vitamins, antioxidants, unsaturated fatty acids, and minerals as it contains conjugated and free forms of amino acids.

Recent findings: Black elderberry can prevent oxidative stress and reduce blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases thanks to the polyphenols it contains. It can prevent diseases, stimulate the immune system, show an antitumor effect, and be effective in the course of disease processes by rising the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione. Since black elderberry is a promising food in terms of bioactive components, it is considered as promising to treat and prevent many diseases. However, it is not correct to prove its beneficial effects on the prevention of chronic diseases and to make generalisations. Therefore, there is a need of more comprehensive evidence-based clinical studies and data. This review examined current evidence and discussions about the health-related effects of black elderberry, which contains many biologically active components such as polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, as well as terpenes and lectins, and offered some suggestions on its use in the future.

审查目的:近年来,黑接骨木果因其对健康的益处而备受关注。从天然来源采集的黑接骨木果实(Sambucus nigra L.)含有丰富的蛋白质、维生素、抗氧化剂、不饱和脂肪酸和矿物质,因为它含有共轭氨基酸和游离氨基酸:最新发现:黑接骨木果实所含的多酚可以防止氧化应激,降低血压,预防心血管疾病、糖尿病和神经退行性疾病。它可以预防疾病,刺激免疫系统,显示抗肿瘤作用,并通过提高抗氧化酶(包括谷胱甘肽)的活性,在疾病过程中发挥功效。由于黑接骨木果在生物活性成分方面是一种很有前景的食品,因此被认为有望治疗和预防多种疾病。不过,要证明黑接骨木果实对预防慢性疾病的有益作用并不能一概而论。因此,需要更全面的循证临床研究和数据。黑接骨木果含有多种生物活性成分,如多酚、酚酸、黄酮醇、原花青素和花青素,以及萜类和凝集素,本综述研究了黑接骨木果对健康相关影响的现有证据和讨论,并对其未来的使用提出了一些建议。
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引用次数: 0
Miracle Fruit, a Potential Taste-modifier to Improve Food Preferences: A Review. 神奇果--改善食物口味的潜在调味剂:综述。
IF 4.6 3区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00583-3
Shashya Diyapaththugama, Getahun Fentaw Mulaw, Madiha Ajaz, Natalie Colson Shilton, Indu Singh, Rati Jani

Purpose of review: The miracle fruit contains the glycoprotein miraculin which can modify the taste perception of food and beverages at low pH conditions, altering the consumers' food preferences. This review aims to critically evaluate all available evidence on miracle fruit/ miraculin and taste modification and its potential role in improving food preferences.

Recent findings: Miracle fruit suppresses sourness and induces sweetness in acidic food/ beverages. At low pH conditions, miracle fruit enhances the sweet taste and decreases the perceived intensities of salty and bitter tastes in solutions. However, the role of miracle fruit in sweet, salty, and bitter food is not adequately studied. The above effects alter the food-liking scores in individual foods and mixed diets. Miracle fruit is a pH-dependent taste modifier with the potential to be used in food applications to improve consumer food preferences. Future research on the changes in food preferences with the optimum miraculin dose, food type, and intrapersonal variations in taste sensitivity is warranted.

综述目的:神奇果实含有糖蛋白神奇果蛋白,它能在低 pH 值条件下改变食物和饮料的味觉感知,从而改变消费者的食物偏好。本综述旨在批判性地评估有关神奇果/神奇果蛋白和口味改变的所有现有证据及其在改善食物偏好方面的潜在作用:最近的研究结果:神奇果可以抑制酸味,增加酸性食品/饮料的甜味。在低 pH 值条件下,神奇果能增强甜味,降低溶液中咸味和苦味的感知强度。然而,神奇果在甜味、咸味和苦味食品中的作用还没有得到充分研究。上述作用会改变单个食物和混合膳食中的食物喜爱度评分。神奇果是一种依赖于酸碱度的口味调节剂,有可能用于食品中以改善消费者的食物偏好。未来有必要对食物偏好随最佳神奇果素剂量、食物类型和个人味觉敏感度的变化而发生的变化进行研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Current Nutrition Reports
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