Evaluation of Affective Touch: A Comparison Between Two Groups of Younger and Older Females.

Abstract

Background: Caress-like touch activates C-tactile (CT) afferents present in the skin of humans. It is generally assumed that this type of touch provides beneficial effects throughout the lifespan. However, little is known about its processing in later adulthood. Moreover, emotional responses to interpersonal vs. self-touch have not been investigated in older adults.

Method: A total of 132 females from two age groups (older: 60-96 years; younger: 18-30) participated in a well-validated method of tactile stimulation, in which CT-optimal vs. nonoptimal soft brushing (3 cm/s vs. 30 cm/s) was administered on the forearms of the participants, once by a female experimenter and once by the participant themselves. All participants rated their affective state in each of the conditions and tactile acuity was assessed.

Results: Relative to the younger group, older participants rated touch as more pleasant, independent of type (CT-optimal, non-optimal) and origin (experimenter, self). In the older group, the emotional differentiation of CT-optimal vs. non-optimal touch was reduced, which was associated with reduced tactile acuity.

Conclusion: This study revealed an age-dependent enhancement of the perceived pleasantness of (self)touch. Interventions with auditory-guided CT-optimal self-touch could be easily implemented as part of training programs for older adults.