Nonconforming gender expression and associated problematic smartphone and internet use among Chinese adolescents.

IF 6.6 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY Journal of Behavioral Addictions Pub Date : 2023-08-28 Print Date: 2023-10-05 DOI:10.1556/2006.2023.00040
Xinyu Zheng, Yuwei Yang, Weiqing Jiang, Yitong He, Cuihong Huang, Yilin Hua, Ciyong Lu, Lan Guo
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Abstract

Background and aims: Gender nonconformity (GNC), which refers to an individual's expression of gender that does not align with the socially prescribed norms for their biological sex, may be associated with adverse behavioral problems, such as problematic smartphone use (PSU) and problematic internet use (PIU). This study examined the associations between GNC and PSU and GNC and PIU among Chinese adolescents.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized data from the 2021 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey, recruiting 23,054 eligible adolescents aged 11 to 21, with an average age of 14.9 (SD: 1.7) years from 504 classes in 84 public high schools across 7 cities in China. Gender nonconformity, PSU/PIU, and demographics were measured. Mixed-effect linear regression models were performed.

Results: Among the participants (51.0% male), 5.3% reported high GNC and 26.9% reported moderate GNC. After adjusting for covariates, high GNC was significantly and positively associated with PSU (Β = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.49-1.72) and PIU severity (Β = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.40-2.93). Stratified analyses indicated that the associations between GNC and PSU differed between males and females, with a significant association observed only among male students (Β = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.97-2.86).

Discussion and conclusions: GNC is positively associated with the severity of PSU and PIU among Chinese adolescents, with male gender-nonconforming adolescents being more vulnerable to PSU. These results highlight the importance of implementing education on gender expression diversity in schools to create an inclusive school environment, which may potentially help prevent PSU and PIU among gender-nonconforming adolescents.

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中国青少年不一致的性别表达以及相关的智能手机和互联网使用问题。
背景和目的:性别不一致(GNC)是指个人对性别的表达不符合社会规定的生理性别规范,可能与不良行为问题有关,如有问题的智能手机使用(PSU)和有问题的互联网使用(PIU)。本研究调查了中国青少年GNC与PSU、GNC与PIU之间的关系。方法:这项横断面研究利用了2021年基于学校的中国青少年健康调查的数据,从中国7个城市84所公立高中的504个班级招募了23054名符合条件的11至21岁青少年,平均年龄14.9岁(SD:1.7)。测量了性别不一致、PSU/PIU和人口统计数据。采用混合效应线性回归模型。结果:在参与者(51.0%的男性)中,5.3%的人报告高GNC,26.9%的人报告中等GNC。校正协变量后,高GNC与PSU(¦Β=1.11,95%CI=0.49-1.72)和PIU严重程度(¦Β=2.16,95%CI=1.40-2.93)显著正相关。分层分析表明,GNC和PSU之间的相关性在男性和女性之间存在差异,讨论和结论:GNC与中国青少年PSU和PIU的严重程度呈正相关,男性性别不一致的青少年更容易患PSU。这些结果强调了在学校实施性别表达多样性教育的重要性,以创造一个包容性的学校环境,这可能有助于防止不符合性别的青少年出现PSU和PIU。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
91
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: The aim of Journal of Behavioral Addictions is to create a forum for the scientific information exchange with regard to behavioral addictions. The journal is a broad focused interdisciplinary one that publishes manuscripts on different approaches of non-substance addictions, research reports focusing on the addictive patterns of various behaviors, especially disorders of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum, and also publishes reviews in these topics. Coverage ranges from genetic and neurobiological research through psychological and clinical psychiatric approaches to epidemiological, sociological and anthropological aspects.
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