Neurotrophic Factors in Cannabis-induced Psychosis: An Update.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Current topics in medicinal chemistry Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2174/1568026623666230829152150
Valerio Ricci, Domenico de Berardis, Giovanni Martinotti, Giuseppe Maina
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Abstract

Background: Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance. Numerous scientific evidence confirm the strong association between cannabis and psychosis. Exposure to cannabis can induce the development of psychosis and schizophrenia in vulnerable individuals. However, the neurobiological processes underlying this relationship are unknown. Neurotrophins are a class of proteins that serve as survival factors for central nervous system (CNS) neurons. In particular, Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) plays an important role in the survival and function of cholinergic neurons while Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is involved in synaptic plasticity and the maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons. Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) promotes the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and Neuregulin 1 (NrG- 1) contributes to glutamatergic signals regulating the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). They have a remarkable influence on the neurons involved in the Δ-9-THC (tethra-hydro-cannabinol) action, such as dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons, and can play dual roles: first, in neuronal survival and death, and, second, in activity-dependent plasticity.

Methods: In this brief update, reviewing in a narrative way the relevant literature, we will focus on the effects of cannabis on this class of proteins, which may be implicated, at least in part, in the mechanism of the psychostimulant-induced neurotoxicity and psychosis.

Conclusion: Since altered levels of neurotrophins may participate in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders which are common in drug users, one possible hypothesis is that repeated cannabis exposure can cause psychosis by interfering with neurotrophins synthesis and utilization by CNS neurons.

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大麻诱发精神病中的神经营养因子:最新进展。
背景:大麻是使用最广泛的非法药物。大量科学证据证实,大麻与精神病之间存在密切联系。接触大麻会诱发易感人群患上精神病和精神分裂症。然而,这种关系的神经生物学过程尚不清楚。神经营养素是一类作为中枢神经系统(CNS)神经元生存因子的蛋白质。其中,神经生长因子(NGF)对胆碱能神经元的存活和功能起着重要作用,而脑衍生神经营养因子(BDNF)则参与突触可塑性以及中脑多巴胺能神经元和胆碱能神经元的维持。胶质细胞衍生神经营养因子(GDNF)可促进中脑多巴胺能神经元的存活,而神经胶质蛋白 1(NrG- 1)则有助于调节 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)的谷氨酸能信号。它们对参与Δ-9-THC(tethra-hydro-cannabinol,四氢大麻酚)作用的神经元(如多巴胺能神经元和谷氨酸能神经元)有显著影响,并能发挥双重作用:首先是在神经元存活和死亡中,其次是在依赖活动的可塑性中:在这篇简短的最新报告中,我们将以叙述的方式回顾相关文献,重点讨论大麻对这一类蛋白质的影响,它们可能至少部分与精神刺激剂诱发神经毒性和精神病的机制有关:由于神经营养素水平的改变可能与吸毒者常见的精神病发病机制有关,一种可能的假设是,反复接触大麻会干扰中枢神经系统神经元合成和利用神经营养素,从而导致精神病。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
2.90%
发文量
186
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry is a forum for the review of areas of keen and topical interest to medicinal chemists and others in the allied disciplines. Each issue is solely devoted to a specific topic, containing six to nine reviews, which provide the reader a comprehensive survey of that area. A Guest Editor who is an expert in the topic under review, will assemble each issue. The scope of Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry will cover all areas of medicinal chemistry, including current developments in rational drug design, synthetic chemistry, bioorganic chemistry, high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, compound diversity measurements, drug absorption, drug distribution, metabolism, new and emerging drug targets, natural products, pharmacogenomics, and structure-activity relationships. Medicinal chemistry is a rapidly maturing discipline. The study of how structure and function are related is absolutely essential to understanding the molecular basis of life. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry aims to contribute to the growth of scientific knowledge and insight, and facilitate the discovery and development of new therapeutic agents to treat debilitating human disorders. The journal is essential for every medicinal chemist who wishes to be kept informed and up-to-date with the latest and most important advances.
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