Co-occurrence of marine and freshwater phycotoxins in oysters, and analysis of possible predictors for management

IF 3.6 Q2 TOXICOLOGY Toxicon: X Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100166
Sarah K.D. Pease , Todd A. Egerton , Kimberly S. Reece , Marta P. Sanderson , Michelle D. Onofrio , Evan Yeargan , Adam Wood , Amanda Roach , I-Shuo Wade Huang , Gail P. Scott , Allen R. Place , Amy M. Hayes , Juliette L. Smith
{"title":"Co-occurrence of marine and freshwater phycotoxins in oysters, and analysis of possible predictors for management","authors":"Sarah K.D. Pease ,&nbsp;Todd A. Egerton ,&nbsp;Kimberly S. Reece ,&nbsp;Marta P. Sanderson ,&nbsp;Michelle D. Onofrio ,&nbsp;Evan Yeargan ,&nbsp;Adam Wood ,&nbsp;Amanda Roach ,&nbsp;I-Shuo Wade Huang ,&nbsp;Gail P. Scott ,&nbsp;Allen R. Place ,&nbsp;Amy M. Hayes ,&nbsp;Juliette L. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.toxcx.2023.100166","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oysters (<em>Crassostrea virginica</em>) were screened for 12 phycotoxins over two years in nearshore waters to collect baseline phycotoxin data and to determine prevalence of phycotoxin co-occurrence in the commercially and ecologically-relevant species. Trace to low concentrations of azaspiracid-1 and -2 (AZA1, AZA2), domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA), and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were detected, orders of magnitude below seafood safety action levels. Microcystins (MCs), MC-RR and MC-YR, were also found in oysters (maximum: 7.12 μg MC-RR/kg shellfish meat wet weight), warranting consideration of developing action levels for freshwater phycotoxins in marine shellfish. Oysters contained phycotoxins that impair shellfish health: karlotoxin1-1 and 1–3 (KmTx1-1, KmTx1-3), goniodomin A (GDA), and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2). Co-occurrence of phycotoxins in oysters was common (54%, n = 81). AZAs and DA co-occurred most frequently of the phycotoxins investigated that are a concern for human health (n = 13) and PTX2 and KmTxs co-occurred most frequently amongst the phycotoxins of concern for shellfish health (n = 9). Various harmful algal bloom (HAB) monitoring methods and tools were assessed for their effectiveness at indicating levels of phycotoxins in oysters. These included co-deployed solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices, toxin levels in particulate organic matter (POM, &gt;1.5 μm) and whole water samples and cell concentrations from water samples as determined by microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The dominant phycotoxin varied between SPATTs and all other phycotoxin sample types, and out of the 11 phycotoxins detected in oysters, only four and seven were detected in POM and whole water respectively, indicating phycotoxin profile mismatch between ecosystem compartments. Nevertheless, there were correlations between DA in oysters and whole water (simple linear regression [LR]: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.6, p &lt; 0.0001, n = 40), and PTX2 in oysters and SPATTs (LR: R<sup>2</sup> = 0.3, p = 0.001, n = 36), providing additional monitoring tools for these phycotoxins, but oyster samples remain the best overall indicators of seafood safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37124,"journal":{"name":"Toxicon: X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/90/main.PMC10336265.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Toxicon: X","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590171023000188","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"TOXICOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1

Abstract

Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were screened for 12 phycotoxins over two years in nearshore waters to collect baseline phycotoxin data and to determine prevalence of phycotoxin co-occurrence in the commercially and ecologically-relevant species. Trace to low concentrations of azaspiracid-1 and -2 (AZA1, AZA2), domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA), and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were detected, orders of magnitude below seafood safety action levels. Microcystins (MCs), MC-RR and MC-YR, were also found in oysters (maximum: 7.12 μg MC-RR/kg shellfish meat wet weight), warranting consideration of developing action levels for freshwater phycotoxins in marine shellfish. Oysters contained phycotoxins that impair shellfish health: karlotoxin1-1 and 1–3 (KmTx1-1, KmTx1-3), goniodomin A (GDA), and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2). Co-occurrence of phycotoxins in oysters was common (54%, n = 81). AZAs and DA co-occurred most frequently of the phycotoxins investigated that are a concern for human health (n = 13) and PTX2 and KmTxs co-occurred most frequently amongst the phycotoxins of concern for shellfish health (n = 9). Various harmful algal bloom (HAB) monitoring methods and tools were assessed for their effectiveness at indicating levels of phycotoxins in oysters. These included co-deployed solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) devices, toxin levels in particulate organic matter (POM, >1.5 μm) and whole water samples and cell concentrations from water samples as determined by microscopy and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The dominant phycotoxin varied between SPATTs and all other phycotoxin sample types, and out of the 11 phycotoxins detected in oysters, only four and seven were detected in POM and whole water respectively, indicating phycotoxin profile mismatch between ecosystem compartments. Nevertheless, there were correlations between DA in oysters and whole water (simple linear regression [LR]: R2 = 0.6, p < 0.0001, n = 40), and PTX2 in oysters and SPATTs (LR: R2 = 0.3, p = 0.001, n = 36), providing additional monitoring tools for these phycotoxins, but oyster samples remain the best overall indicators of seafood safety.

Abstract Image

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
牡蛎中海洋和淡水藻毒素的共存,以及可能的管理预测因素分析
在近海水域对牡蛎(Crassostrea virginica)进行为期两年的12种藻毒素筛选,以收集基线藻毒素数据,并确定商业和生态相关物种中藻毒素共现的流行率。检测到微量低浓度的氮杂螺旋体酸-1和-2(AZA1、AZA2)、软骨藻酸(DA)、冈田酸(OA)和藻毒素-1(DTX1),比海鲜安全作用水平低几个数量级。在牡蛎中也发现了微囊藻毒素(MCs)、MC-RR和MC-YR(最大值:7.12μg MC-RR/kg贝类肉湿重),值得考虑开发海洋贝类中淡水藻毒素的作用水平。牡蛎中含有损害贝类健康的藻毒素:卡罗毒素1-1和1-3(KmTx1-1,KmTx1-3)、角蛋白A(GDA)和果胶毒素-2(PTX2)。藻毒素在牡蛎中的共存是常见的(54%,n=81)。在关注人类健康的所研究的藻毒素中,AZAs和DA共同出现的频率最高(n=13),而PTX2和KmTxs共同发生的频率最高,是关注贝类健康的藻毒素(n=9)。评估了各种有害藻华(HAB)监测方法和工具在指示牡蛎中藻毒素水平方面的有效性。其中包括共同部署的固相吸附毒素跟踪(SPATT)设备、颗粒有机物(POM,>;1.5μm)和全水样中的毒素水平以及通过显微镜和定量实时PCR(qPCR)测定的水样中的细胞浓度。SPATT和所有其他藻毒素样品类型之间的优势藻毒素各不相同,在牡蛎中检测到的11种藻毒素中,POM和全水中分别只有4种和7种检测到,这表明生态系统区室之间的藻毒素图谱不匹配。然而,牡蛎和淡水中的DA(简单线性回归[LR]:R2=0.6,p<;0.0001,n=40)与牡蛎和SPATT中的PTX2(LR:R2=0.3,p=0.001,n=36)之间存在相关性,为这些藻毒素提供了额外的监测工具,但牡蛎样本仍然是海鲜安全的最佳总体指标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Toxicon: X
Toxicon: X Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Toxicology
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊最新文献
Stress levels, hematological condition, and productivity of plasma-producing horses used for snake antivenom manufacture: A comparison of two industrial bleeding methods Diagnosis of human envenoming by terrestrial venomous animals: Routine, advances, and perspectives Supplementation of polyclonal antibodies, developed against epitope-string toxin-specific peptide immunogens, to commercial polyvalent antivenom, shows improved neutralization of Indian Big Four and Naja kaouthia snake venoms Bioprospection of rattlesnake venom peptide fractions with anti-adipose and anti-insulin resistance activity in vitro A probabilistic hazard assessment for cyanobacterial toxins accounting for regional geography and water body trophic status
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1