The Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality Rates of Black and White Persons with HIV in the United States in 2019.

IF 3.2 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-11 DOI:10.1007/s40615-023-01794-0

Fred J Hellinger

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Abstract

Introduction: This study examines the experience of non-Hispanic Black Americans (hereinafter referred to as Black persons) and non-Hispanic White Americans (hereinafter referred to as White persons) with regard to the incidence (i.e., number of persons diagnosed with HIV), prevalence (i.e., number of persons living with HIV), and mortality rates of persons with HIV in the United States in 2019. With regard to mortality rates, this study examines the mortality rate of all Black persons and White persons with HIV in 2019 as well as the mortality rate of hospitalized Black persons and White persons with HIV in 2019.

Methods: Data on the racial characteristics of all persons in the United States in 2019 were obtained from the United States Census Bureau, and data on the racial characteristics of all persons with HIV in the United States were obtained from HIV Surveillance Reports produced by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, data on all hospital patients in seven states (California, Florida, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, South Carolina and Wisconsin) in 2019 were obtained from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Hospital Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Database (SID). These seven states included 44 percent of all persons living with HIV in the United States in 2019.

Results: This study found that Black persons were more likely to be diagnosed with HIV, live with HIV, and die with HIV than White persons in the United States. This is illustrated by the fact that in 2019 Black persons comprised 13.4 percent of the population, yet they comprised 42.1 percent of persons diagnosed with HIV, 40.4 percent of persons living with HIV, and 42.9 percent of persons who died with HIV. By comparison, in 2019 White persons comprised 76.3 percent of the population, yet they comprised 24.8 percent of persons diagnosed with HIV, 29.1 percent of persons living with HIV, and 31.8 percent of persons who died with HIV. Nevertheless, this study did not find a statistically significant difference between the in-hospital mortality rates of Black and White persons in seven states in 2019.

Conclusions: The burden of HIV was considerably greater on Black persons than White persons in the United States in 2019.

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2019 年美国黑人和白人艾滋病毒感染者的发病率、流行率和死亡率。

导言：本研究调查了非西班牙裔美国黑人（以下简称黑人）和非西班牙裔美国白人（以下简称白人）在2019年美国艾滋病毒感染者的发病率（即被诊断出感染艾滋病毒的人数）、流行率（即感染艾滋病毒的人数）和死亡率方面的情况。关于死亡率，本研究调查了 2019 年所有黑人和白人艾滋病毒感染者的死亡率，以及 2019 年住院黑人和白人艾滋病毒感染者的死亡率：2019 年美国所有人的种族特征数据来自美国人口普查局，美国所有艾滋病毒感染者的种族特征数据来自美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）编制的艾滋病毒监测报告。此外，2019 年七个州（加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、密歇根州、新泽西州、纽约州、南卡罗来纳州和威斯康星州）所有医院患者的数据均来自医疗保健研究与质量机构（AHRQ）的医院成本与利用项目（HCUP）州住院患者数据库（SID）。这七个州占美国 2019 年所有艾滋病毒感染者的 44%：本研究发现，在美国，黑人比白人更有可能被诊断出感染艾滋病毒，更有可能带着艾滋病毒生活，也更有可能带着艾滋病毒死亡。以下事实说明了这一点：2019 年，黑人占总人口的 13.4%，但在被诊断感染艾滋病毒的人中占 42.1%，在感染艾滋病毒的人中占 40.4%，在感染艾滋病毒死亡的人中占 42.9%。相比之下，2019 年白种人占总人口的 76.3%，但他们在被诊断出感染艾滋病毒的人中占 24.8%，在感染艾滋病毒的人中占 29.1%，在感染艾滋病毒死亡的人中占 31.8%。尽管如此，这项研究并未发现 2019 年七个州的黑人和白人住院死亡率之间存在统计学意义上的显著差异：2019年，美国黑人的艾滋病毒负担大大超过白人。

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来源期刊

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

7.30

自引率

5.10%

发文量

263

期刊介绍： Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities reports on the scholarly progress of work to understand, address, and ultimately eliminate health disparities based on race and ethnicity. Efforts to explore underlying causes of health disparities and to describe interventions that have been undertaken to address racial and ethnic health disparities are featured. Promising studies that are ongoing or studies that have longer term data are welcome, as are studies that serve as lessons for best practices in eliminating health disparities. Original research, systematic reviews, and commentaries presenting the state-of-the-art thinking on problems centered on health disparities will be considered for publication. We particularly encourage review articles that generate innovative and testable ideas, and constructive discussions and/or critiques of health disparities.Because the Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities receives a large number of submissions, about 30% of submissions to the Journal are sent out for full peer review.