{"title":"Relationship between rolling resistance, preferred speed, and manual wheelchair propulsion mechanics in non-disabled adults.","authors":"Hunter Soleymani, Rachel Cowan","doi":"10.1080/17483107.2023.2239297","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the relationship among rolling resistance (RR), preferred speed, and propulsion mechanics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>N</i> = 11 non-disabled individuals (mean (SD)); Age 24 years (2), BMI 23.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (4.3) completed a submaximal graded wheelchair exercise test (GXT<sub>submax</sub>, fixed speed, terminated at Rating of Perceived Effort (RPE)=8 (0-10 scale)) and a single-blind, within-subject repeated measures wheelchair propulsion experiment (RME). RR at RPE = 10 (estimated maximum workload, Max<sub>estimated</sub>) was estimated from the GXT<sub>submax</sub> RPE-RR relationship. RME consisted of <i>N</i> = 19 1-minute trials (self-selected speed) each followed by 2-minutes rest. The trials included <i>N</i> = 16 unique RR between 25-100% of Max<sub>estimated</sub>. Averages of all pushes in <i>N</i> = 16 unique 1-minute trials were computed for average RR (N), speed (m/s), peak force (F<sub>peak</sub> (N)), force rate of rise (F<sub>ror</sub> (N/s)), push frequency (PF (pushes/min)), and push length (PL (deg)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures correlation assessed relationships among outcome variables (<i>α</i> = 0.05). RR was associated with decreased speed (<i>r</i>=-0.81, <i>p</i> < 0.001), increased F<sub>peak</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.92), F<sub>ror</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.26), and PL (<i>r</i> = 0.32) (all <i>p</i> > 0.001), and unrelated to PF (<i>r</i> = 0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.848). Increased speed was associated with increased F<sub>ror</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.23, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and PF (<i>r</i> = 0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and decreased F<sub>peak</sub> (<i>r</i>=-0.66, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and PL (<i>r</i>=-0.25, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increasing RR increases F<sub>peak</sub> despite reducing self-selected speed. RR and speed were strongly and moderately related to F<sub>peak,</sub> respectively, but weakly related to other propulsion mechanics. These results suggest that reducing user-system RR may confer dual benefits of improved mobility and decreased upper extremity loading. Further testing among wheelchair users is required. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04987177.</p>","PeriodicalId":47806,"journal":{"name":"Disability and Rehabilitation-Assistive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Disability and Rehabilitation-Assistive Technology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2023.2239297","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/7/26 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"REHABILITATION","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the relationship among rolling resistance (RR), preferred speed, and propulsion mechanics.
Methods: N = 11 non-disabled individuals (mean (SD)); Age 24 years (2), BMI 23.8 kg/m2 (4.3) completed a submaximal graded wheelchair exercise test (GXTsubmax, fixed speed, terminated at Rating of Perceived Effort (RPE)=8 (0-10 scale)) and a single-blind, within-subject repeated measures wheelchair propulsion experiment (RME). RR at RPE = 10 (estimated maximum workload, Maxestimated) was estimated from the GXTsubmax RPE-RR relationship. RME consisted of N = 19 1-minute trials (self-selected speed) each followed by 2-minutes rest. The trials included N = 16 unique RR between 25-100% of Maxestimated. Averages of all pushes in N = 16 unique 1-minute trials were computed for average RR (N), speed (m/s), peak force (Fpeak (N)), force rate of rise (Fror (N/s)), push frequency (PF (pushes/min)), and push length (PL (deg)).
Results: Repeated measures correlation assessed relationships among outcome variables (α = 0.05). RR was associated with decreased speed (r=-0.81, p < 0.001), increased Fpeak (r = 0.92), Fror (r = 0.26), and PL (r = 0.32) (all p > 0.001), and unrelated to PF (r = 0.02, p = 0.848). Increased speed was associated with increased Fror (r = 0.23, p = 0.003) and PF (r = 0.27, p < 0.001) and decreased Fpeak (r=-0.66, p < 0.001) and PL (r=-0.25, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Increasing RR increases Fpeak despite reducing self-selected speed. RR and speed were strongly and moderately related to Fpeak, respectively, but weakly related to other propulsion mechanics. These results suggest that reducing user-system RR may confer dual benefits of improved mobility and decreased upper extremity loading. Further testing among wheelchair users is required. Clinical trial registration number: NCT04987177.