Sports Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaires Developed for the Athletic Population: a Systematic Review.

IF 4.6 3区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Current Nutrition Reports Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-16 DOI:10.1007/s13668-023-00494-9

Ranil Jayawardena, Kalani Weerasinghe, Gina Trakman, Terrence Madhujith, Andrew P Hills, Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana

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Abstract

Purpose of review: Sports nutrition (SN) is pivotal in aiding athletes to reach peak performance, minimize sport-related injuries, enhance career longevity, and improve general health. An accurate assessment of athletes' sports nutrition knowledge (SNK) is required to design targeted nutrition education programs aimed at enhancing both nutritional knowledge and dietary practices. This review systematically evaluates studies that use questionnaires to assess the SNK of athletes engaged in athletics.

Recent findings: The literature search was conducted in PubMed^®, Web of Science^®, and Scopus^®, and 375 potentially relevant articles were identified. The total number of articles included in the present review is 11, with eight studies involving only athletic disciplines and three involving athletics and other sports. The majority (n = 8) of the questionnaires included general and SN aspects, with SN covering endurance athletes' knowledge of competition carbohydrate guidelines, gastrointestinal symptoms associated with exercise, and ultra-endurance athletes' sodium beliefs and practices. Questionnaires were either delivered online (n = 7) or self-administered in hard copy (n = 1). The three major strategies identified for developing questionnaires were based on previous literature and recent SN guidelines (n = 6), consultation with a panel of experts (n = 7), and the use of a previously developed sports nutrition knowledge questionnaires (SNKQ) (n = 4), with more than one approach used in five studies. Similarly, up to three validation approaches were used, including content, face, and construct validity. Seven studies used a test-retest procedure to ensure external reliability, and eight used Cronbach's alpha or kappa coefficient to assess internal consistency. Endurance and ultra-endurance athletes are the populations of interest for the majority of questionnaires developed for athletics, with most questionnaires incorporating general and SNK topics.

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为运动员开发的运动营养知识问卷：系统回顾。

审查目的：运动营养（SN）在帮助运动员达到最佳表现、减少运动相关损伤、延长职业寿命以及改善总体健康状况方面起着关键作用。需要对运动员的运动营养知识（SNK）进行准确评估，以设计有针对性的营养教育计划，提高运动员的营养知识水平和饮食实践能力。本综述系统地评估了使用调查问卷评估田径运动员运动营养知识的研究：在 PubMed®、Web of Science® 和 Scopus® 中进行了文献检索，发现了 375 篇可能相关的文章。本综述共收录了 11 篇文章，其中 8 项研究仅涉及体育学科，3 项研究涉及田径和其他运动。大多数（n = 8）调查问卷包括一般和营养素方面的内容，其中营养素方面的内容包括耐力运动员对比赛碳水化合物指南的了解、与运动相关的胃肠道症状以及超耐力运动员的钠信念和做法。问卷采用在线发放（7 份）或硬拷贝自填（1 份）的方式。开发问卷的三种主要策略分别是基于以往文献和最近的钠指南（n = 6）、咨询专家小组（n = 7）以及使用以前开发的运动营养知识问卷（SNKQ）（n = 4），其中有五项研究使用了一种以上的方法。同样，使用的验证方法也多达三种，包括内容效度、表面效度和结构效度。有 7 项研究使用了重复测试程序来确保外部可靠性，有 8 项研究使用了 Cronbach's alpha 或 kappa 系数来评估内部一致性。耐力和超耐力运动员是大多数为田径运动开发的调查问卷所关注的人群，大多数调查问卷都包含一般和SNK主题。

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来源期刊

Current Nutrition Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

2.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal aims to provide comprehensive review articles that emphasize significant developments in nutrition research emerging in recent publications. By presenting clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to discuss the influence of nutrition on major health conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity, as well as the impact of nutrition on genetics, metabolic function, and public health. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas across the field. Section Editors select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. We also provide commentaries from well-known figures in the field, and an Editorial Board of more than 25 internationally diverse members reviews the annual table of contents, suggests topics of special importance to their country/region, and ensures that topics and current and include emerging research.