Transient eco-evolutionary dynamics early in a phage epidemic have strong and lasting impact on the long-term evolution of bacterial defences.

IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-15 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002122
Bridget Nora Janice Watson, Elizabeth Pursey, Sylvain Gandon, Edze Rients Westra
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Abstract

Organisms have evolved a range of constitutive (always active) and inducible (elicited by parasites) defence mechanisms, but we have limited understanding of what drives the evolution of these orthogonal defence strategies. Bacteria and their phages offer a tractable system to study this: Bacteria can acquire constitutive resistance by mutation of the phage receptor (surface mutation, sm) or induced resistance through their CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system. Using a combination of theory and experiments, we demonstrate that the mechanism that establishes first has a strong advantage because it weakens selection for the alternative resistance mechanism. As a consequence, ecological factors that alter the relative frequencies at which the different resistances are acquired have a strong and lasting impact: High growth conditions promote the evolution of sm resistance by increasing the influx of receptor mutation events during the early stages of the epidemic, whereas a high infection risk during this stage of the epidemic promotes the evolution of CRISPR immunity, since it fuels the (infection-dependent) acquisition of CRISPR immunity. This work highlights the strong and lasting impact of the transient evolutionary dynamics during the early stages of an epidemic on the long-term evolution of constitutive and induced defences, which may be leveraged to manipulate phage resistance evolution in clinical and applied settings.

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噬菌体流行早期的短暂生态进化动力学对细菌防御的长期进化有着强烈而持久的影响。
生物体已经进化出一系列组成型(始终活跃)和诱导型(由寄生虫引发)防御机制,但我们对这些正交防御策略的进化驱动因素了解有限。细菌及其噬菌体提供了一个易于处理的系统来研究这一点:细菌可以通过噬菌体受体的突变(表面突变,sm)获得组成型耐药性,或通过其CRISPR-Cas适应性免疫系统诱导耐药性。通过理论和实验的结合,我们证明了首先建立的机制具有强大的优势,因为它削弱了对替代阻力机制的选择。因此,改变获得不同抗性的相对频率的生态因素具有强烈而持久的影响:高生长条件通过增加流行病早期受体突变事件的流入来促进sm抗性的进化,而在疫情的这一阶段,高感染风险促进了CRISPR免疫的进化,因为它促进了CRISPR免疫的(感染依赖性)获得。这项工作强调了流行病早期阶段的短暂进化动力学对组成型和诱导型防御的长期进化的强烈而持久的影响,这可能被用来在临床和应用环境中操纵噬菌体耐药性的进化。
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来源期刊
PLoS Biology
PLoS Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
14.40
自引率
2.00%
发文量
359
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: PLOS Biology is an open-access, peer-reviewed general biology journal published by PLOS, a nonprofit organization of scientists and physicians dedicated to making the world's scientific and medical literature freely accessible. The journal publishes new articles online weekly, with issues compiled and published monthly. ISSN Numbers: eISSN: 1545-7885 ISSN: 1544-9173
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