The human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus can produce the highest known number of meiotic crossovers.

IF 7.8 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY PLoS Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-14 eCollection Date: 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3002278
Ben Auxier, Alfons J M Debets, Felicia Adelina Stanford, Johanna Rhodes, Frank M Becker, Francisca Reyes Marquez, Reindert Nijland, Paul S Dyer, Matthew C Fisher, Joost van den Heuvel, Eveline Snelders
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Abstract

Sexual reproduction involving meiosis is essential in most eukaryotes. This produces offspring with novel genotypes, both by segregation of parental chromosomes as well as crossovers between homologous chromosomes. A sexual cycle for the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is known, but the genetic consequences of meiosis have remained unknown. Among other Aspergilli, it is known that A. flavus has a moderately high recombination rate with an average of 4.2 crossovers per chromosome pair, whereas A. nidulans has in contrast a higher rate with 9.3 crossovers per chromosome pair. Here, we show in a cross between A. fumigatus strains that they produce an average of 29.9 crossovers per chromosome pair and large variation in total map length across additional strain crosses. This rate of crossovers per chromosome is more than twice that seen for any known organism, which we discuss in relation to other genetic model systems. We validate this high rate of crossovers through mapping of resistance to the laboratory antifungal acriflavine by using standing variation in an undescribed ABC efflux transporter. We then demonstrate that this rate of crossovers is sufficient to produce one of the common multidrug resistant haplotypes found in the cyp51A gene (TR34/L98H) in crosses among parents harboring either of 2 nearby genetic variants, possibly explaining the early spread of such haplotypes. Our results suggest that genomic studies in this species should reassess common assumptions about linkage between genetic regions. The finding of an unparalleled crossover rate in A. fumigatus provides opportunities to understand why these rates are not generally higher in other eukaryotes.

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人类真菌病原体烟曲霉可以产生已知数量最高的减数分裂交叉。
涉及减数分裂的有性繁殖在大多数真核生物中是必不可少的。这通过亲本染色体的分离以及同源染色体之间的杂交产生了具有新基因型的后代。人类机会性致病真菌烟曲霉的性周期是已知的,但减数分裂的遗传后果仍然未知。在其他Aspergilli中,已知黄曲霉具有中等高的重组率,平均每对染色体有4.2个交叉,而巢状芽孢杆菌具有更高的复合率,每对染色体9.3个交叉。在这里,我们在烟曲霉菌株之间的杂交中表明,它们平均每对染色体产生29.9个杂交,并且在额外的菌株杂交中,总图谱长度变化很大。每个染色体的交叉率是任何已知生物体的两倍多,我们将其与其他遗传模型系统进行讨论。我们通过使用未描述的ABC外排转运体的长期变异来绘制对实验室抗真菌阿哌拉韦的耐药性图,从而验证了这种高交叉率。然后,我们证明,这种交叉率足以在携带2种附近遗传变异的父母之间的交叉中产生cyp51A基因(TR34/L98H)中发现的一种常见的多药耐药单倍型,这可能解释了这种单倍型的早期传播。我们的研究结果表明,对该物种的基因组研究应该重新评估关于遗传区域之间联系的常见假设。在烟曲霉中发现了无与伦比的交叉率,这为理解为什么这些交叉率在其他真核生物中通常并不更高提供了机会。
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来源期刊
PLoS Biology
PLoS Biology 生物-生化与分子生物学
CiteScore
14.40
自引率
2.00%
发文量
359
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: PLOS Biology is an open-access, peer-reviewed general biology journal published by PLOS, a nonprofit organization of scientists and physicians dedicated to making the world's scientific and medical literature freely accessible. The journal publishes new articles online weekly, with issues compiled and published monthly. ISSN Numbers: eISSN: 1545-7885 ISSN: 1544-9173
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