Power dynamics and the reciprocation of trust and distrust.

IF 6.4 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Journal of personality and social psychology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-10 DOI:10.1037/pspi0000424
Marlon Mooijman
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Abstract

Because trust is essential in relationships, scholars have sought to determine what causes people to trust each other. A burgeoning area of research on trust has focused on power dynamics. Yet, although successful trust development in relationships is a function of one individual initiating trust and another individual reciprocating this trust, research has focused exclusively on the impact of power on trust initiation and left unaddressed the impact of power on trust reciprocation. In the current research, I examine the impact of power dynamics on trust reciprocation-people trusting someone who first trusts them. Across five preregistered experiments, I demonstrate that people are more likely to trust high-power individuals than low-power individuals when these individuals first trust them. I also demonstrate that people are more likely to distrust high-power individuals than low-power individuals when these individuals first distrust them. Power dynamics amplify trust and distrust reciprocation because people believe that having power means making decisions based on dispositions rather than the situation. This belief makes people think that-compared to low-power individuals-high-power individuals view them as more trustworthy when trusting them, but more untrustworthy when distrusting them, which motivates reciprocation. Taken together, these findings show that power helps and hurts trust development and highlight when and why this occurs. This provides some clarity to a literature dominated by inconclusive findings on the relationship between power and trust, provides a blueprint for understanding the impact of power on longer term reciprocal trust development, and provides important practical implications for power holders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

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权力动态以及信任和不信任的相互作用。
由于信任在人际关系中至关重要,学者们试图确定是什么原因导致人们相互信任。信任研究的一个新兴领域集中在权力动态上。然而,尽管关系中成功的信任发展是一个人发起信任和另一个人回报信任的函数,但研究只关注权力对信任发起的影响,而没有解决权力对信任回报的影响。在目前的研究中,我考察了权力动态对信任回报的影响——人们信任最先信任他们的人。在五个预先注册的实验中,我证明,当高权力的人第一次信任他们时,他们比低权力的人更有可能信任他们。我还证明,当有权势的人第一次不信任他们时,他们更有可能不信任有权势的个人,而不是有权势的个体。权力动态放大了信任和不信任的相互作用,因为人们认为拥有权力意味着根据性格而不是情况做出决定。这种信念使人们认为,与低权力的人相比,高权力的人在信任他们时认为他们更值得信赖,但在不信任他们时则认为他们更不值得信赖,这激发了回报。总之,这些发现表明,权力有助于和损害信任的发展,并强调了这种情况发生的时间和原因。这为关于权力与信任之间关系的非结论性研究结果所主导的文献提供了一些清晰度,为理解权力对长期互惠信任发展的影响提供了蓝图,并为权力持有者提供了重要的现实意义。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.90%
发文量
250
期刊介绍: Journal of personality and social psychology publishes original papers in all areas of personality and social psychology and emphasizes empirical reports, but may include specialized theoretical, methodological, and review papers.Journal of personality and social psychology is divided into three independently edited sections. Attitudes and Social Cognition addresses all aspects of psychology (e.g., attitudes, cognition, emotion, motivation) that take place in significant micro- and macrolevel social contexts.
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