Cryptosporidium equi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae): Biological and genetic characterisations

IF 3.7 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY International journal for parasitology Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.02.008
Jianbo Huang , Ming Chen , Yongli He , Haoyu Chen , Mingming Huang , Na Li , Una Ryan , Martin Kváč , Yaoyu Feng , Lihua Xiao , Yaqiong Guo
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

The horse genotype is one of three common Cryptosporidium spp. in equine animals and has been identified in some human cases. The species status of Cryptosporidium horse genotype remains unclear due to the lack of extensive morphological, biological, and genetic data. In the present study, we have conducted biological and whole genome sequence analyses of an isolate of the genotype from hedgehogs and proposed to name it Cryptosporidium equi n. sp. to reflect its common occurrence in equine animals. Oocysts of C. equi measured 5.12 ± 0.36 μm × 4.46 ± 0.21 μm with a shape index of 1.15 ± 0.08 (n = 50). Cryptosporidium equi was infectious to 3-week-old four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) and mice, with a prepatent period of 2–9 days and a patent period of 30–40 days in hedgehogs. It was not infectious to rats and rabbits. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rRNA, 70 kDa heat shock protein, actin, 60 kDa glycoprotein and 100 other orthologous genes revealed that C. equi is genetically distinct from other known Cryptosporidium species and genotypes. The sequence identity between C. equi and Cryptosporidium parvum genomes is 97.9%. Compared with C. parvum, C. equi has lost two MEDLE genes and one insulinase-like protease gene and gained one SKSR gene. In addition, 60 genes have highly divergent sequences (sequence differences ≥ 5.0%), including those encoding mucin-like glycoproteins, insulinase-like peptidases, and MEDLE and SKSR proteins. The genetic uniqueness of C. equi supports its increasing host range and the naming of it as a valid Cryptosporidium species. This is the first known use of whole genome sequence data in delineating new Cryptosporidium species.

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马隐孢子虫(顶复合体:隐孢子虫科):生物学和遗传特征
马的基因型是三种常见的隐孢子虫属之一。在马的动物中,已经在一些人类病例中发现。由于缺乏广泛的形态学、生物学和遗传学数据,马隐孢子虫基因型的物种状况尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们对刺猬基因型的一个分离株进行了生物学和全基因组序列分析,并建议将其命名为马隐孢子虫,以反映其在马类动物中的常见情况。马卵囊大小为5.12±0.36μm×4.46±0.21μm,形状指数为1.15±0.08(n=50)。马隐孢子虫对3周大的四趾刺猬(Atelerix albiventris)和小鼠具有传染性,刺猬的潜伏期为2-9天,潜伏期为30-40天。它对老鼠和兔子没有传染性。对小亚基rRNA、70kDa热休克蛋白、肌动蛋白、60kDa糖蛋白和100个其他直源基因的系统发育分析表明,马隐孢子虫在遗传上与其他已知的隐孢子虫物种和基因型不同。马隐孢子虫与隐孢子虫基因组的序列同源性为97.9%,与隐孢子菌相比,马隐孢子菌缺失了两个MEDLE基因和一个胰岛素酶样蛋白酶基因,获得了一个SKSR基因。此外,60个基因具有高度分化的序列(序列差异≥5.0%),包括编码粘蛋白样糖蛋白、胰岛素酶样肽酶以及MEDLE和SKSR蛋白的基因。马C.equi的遗传独特性支持其宿主范围的增加,并将其命名为有效的隐孢子虫物种。这是已知的第一次使用全基因组序列数据来描述新的隐孢子虫物种。
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CiteScore
8.40
自引率
2.50%
发文量
76
审稿时长
23 days
期刊介绍: International Journal for Parasitology offers authors the option to sponsor nonsubscriber access to their articles on Elsevier electronic publishing platforms. For more information please view our Sponsored Articles page. The International Journal for Parasitology publishes the results of original research in all aspects of basic and applied parasitology, including all the fields covered by its Specialist Editors, and ranging from parasites and host-parasite relationships of intrinsic biological interest to those of social and economic importance in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture.
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