Static stretching of the ankle prevents cold hypersensitivity associated with limb immobilization in model mice

IF 1.5 4区 医学 Q3 ORTHOPEDICS Journal of Orthopaedic Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jos.2023.08.007
{"title":"Static stretching of the ankle prevents cold hypersensitivity associated with limb immobilization in model mice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jos.2023.08.007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Limb immobilization is considered to contribute to limb pain including hyperalgesia<span>. Approximately 50% of patients with such chronic limb pain complain that their abnormal pain worsens after exposure to cold. However, there have been few studies on the relationship between limb immobilization and cold hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine whether limb immobilization induces cold hypersensitivity, and whether physical exercise such as ankle stretching prevents its induction in model mice.</span></p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p><span><span>We used forty-four 8-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice, consisting of 32 immobilized mice and 12 control mice. The bilateral hind limbs of the mice were immobilized by a thermoplastic cast. After limb-immobilization for 1 week, changes in mechanical, thermal and cold hypersensitivity, and the expression levels of </span>TRPV1, TRPA1, </span>TRPM8<span><span>, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and the affected </span>hind paw were evaluated in comparison with those in the control mice. In addition, we examined the effect of ankle stretching on the hypersensitivity and expression levels in the limb-immobilized mice.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Mechanical, thermal and cold hypersensitivity were significantly increased in the limb-immobilized mice. In addition, ankle stretching during the immobilization period significantly prevented the increases in those hypersensitivities. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of TRPV1, TRPA1 and </span>TRPM8 among the control, and limb-immobilized mice with and without ankle stretching. The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly increased in the immobilized hind limb paw. Furthermore, ankle stretching significantly prevented the increases in their expression levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Limb-immobilization induced cold hypersensitivity as well as mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and ankle stretching significantly prevented the hypersensitivity induction in the model mice. It would be of great interest to clarify whether a patient with limb-immobilization experiences cold hypersensitivity and whether ankle stretching might prevent hypersensitivity induction in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16939,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Orthopaedic Science","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0949265823002166","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ORTHOPEDICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Limb immobilization is considered to contribute to limb pain including hyperalgesia. Approximately 50% of patients with such chronic limb pain complain that their abnormal pain worsens after exposure to cold. However, there have been few studies on the relationship between limb immobilization and cold hypersensitivity. The aim of this study was to examine whether limb immobilization induces cold hypersensitivity, and whether physical exercise such as ankle stretching prevents its induction in model mice.

Method

We used forty-four 8-week-old male C57Bl/6J mice, consisting of 32 immobilized mice and 12 control mice. The bilateral hind limbs of the mice were immobilized by a thermoplastic cast. After limb-immobilization for 1 week, changes in mechanical, thermal and cold hypersensitivity, and the expression levels of TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM8, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and the affected hind paw were evaluated in comparison with those in the control mice. In addition, we examined the effect of ankle stretching on the hypersensitivity and expression levels in the limb-immobilized mice.

Results

Mechanical, thermal and cold hypersensitivity were significantly increased in the limb-immobilized mice. In addition, ankle stretching during the immobilization period significantly prevented the increases in those hypersensitivities. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8 among the control, and limb-immobilized mice with and without ankle stretching. The expression levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were significantly increased in the immobilized hind limb paw. Furthermore, ankle stretching significantly prevented the increases in their expression levels.

Conclusion

Limb-immobilization induced cold hypersensitivity as well as mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity, and ankle stretching significantly prevented the hypersensitivity induction in the model mice. It would be of great interest to clarify whether a patient with limb-immobilization experiences cold hypersensitivity and whether ankle stretching might prevent hypersensitivity induction in the future.

查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
静态拉伸踝关节可预防模型小鼠因肢体固定而产生的冷过敏症
背景肢体固定被认为会导致肢体疼痛,包括痛觉减退。大约 50% 的慢性肢体疼痛患者抱怨说,他们的异常疼痛在暴露于寒冷环境后会加剧。然而,有关肢体固定与冷过敏之间关系的研究却很少。本研究的目的是探讨肢体固定是否会诱发冷超敏反应,以及踝关节伸展等体育锻炼是否能预防模型小鼠冷超敏反应的诱发。小鼠的双侧后肢被热塑石膏固定。肢体固定 1 周后,与对照组小鼠相比,我们评估了小鼠机械、热和冷过敏性的变化,以及脊髓、背根神经节和受影响后爪中 TRPV1、TRPA1、TRPM8、IL-1β、IL-6 和 TNFα 的表达水平。此外,我们还研究了踝关节拉伸对肢体固定小鼠超敏反应和表达水平的影响。此外,在固定期间拉伸踝关节可明显防止这些超敏反应的增加。对照组和肢体固定组小鼠的 TRPV1、TRPA1 和 TRPM8 的表达水平在进行和不进行踝关节拉伸时没有明显差异。在被固定的后肢爪中,IL-1 和 IL-6 的表达水平明显升高。结论肢体固定会诱发冷超敏反应以及机械和热超敏反应,而踝关节拉伸能明显防止模型小鼠的超敏反应诱导。明确肢体固定患者是否会出现冷超敏反应,以及踝关节拉伸是否能在将来防止超敏反应的诱发,将是非常有意义的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
Journal of Orthopaedic Science
Journal of Orthopaedic Science 医学-整形外科
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
290
审稿时长
90 days
期刊介绍: The Journal of Orthopaedic Science is the official peer-reviewed journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. The journal publishes the latest researches and topical debates in all fields of clinical and experimental orthopaedics, including musculoskeletal medicine, sports medicine, locomotive syndrome, trauma, paediatrics, oncology and biomaterials, as well as basic researches.
期刊最新文献
Assessing subscapularis tears: Relationship between special tests and pain & tear severity. Analysis of orthopedic surgery-related incidents in operating rooms using a nationwide incident reporting database. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the kinesiophobia causes scale: A descriptive survey have undergone total knee arthroplasty in China. Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer versus open complete repair for symptomatic massive rotator cuff tear. Comparative responsiveness of the PROMIS-29 and SF-36 instruments in individuals with chronic musculoskeletal pain.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1