The consequence of head-loading on the neuro-musculoskeletal health of the ILembe District youth of KwaZulu-Natal.

IF 1.3 Q4 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES African Journal of Disability Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.4102/ajod.v11i0.1039

Tebogo G Motaung, Terry J Ellapen, Yvonne Paul

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Abstract

Background: Head-loading, as a mode of transporting food, water and firewood, is a longstanding tradition assigned to female South African youth and has been associated with adverse health consequences.

Objectives: This study determined the impact of head-loading on the neuromusculoskeletal health and proprioception of female South African youth.

Method: This study comprised a counterbalanced, within-subject, single-factor experimental design which compared the changes that occurred when the same independent variable (head-loading) within two homogenous groups was measured in terms of the dependent variables (outcomes: neuromusculoskeletal pain and proprioception) at two time periods, before and after the introduction of the independent variable. A cohort of South African female youth (n = 100), aged 9-17 years, voluntarily partook in the study. The participants were randomly distributed into an experimental (n = 50) and a control (n = 50) group. The experimental group stood in a head-loaded state with their respective habitual head-load mass. Their proprioception measurements were compared during their unloaded versus loaded states, with the proprioceptive measurements including the total proprioception index, the anterior-posterior (front-back) index and the medial-lateral (side-to-side) index. Participants furthermore completed a head-loading health-related questionnaire.

Results: Participants had a mean age of 12.3 ± 2.5 years, body mass of 44.4 ± 13.7 kg, stature of 145 ± 10 cm and a head-load mass of 8.0 ± 2.5 kg. Participants had poorer medial-lateral proprioception during head-loading as compared to their unloaded state (1.4 ± 0.8 as compared to 1.6 ± 0.9) (p < 0.05). Most youth (96%) experienced neuromusculoskeletal pain in their cervical vertebrae (40.9%), shoulders (27.3%), lumbar vertebrae (10.7%), arms (8.3%), legs (8.3%), knees (1.9%), fingers (1.5%), toes (0.5%) and thoracic vertebrae (0.5%) (χ²: p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Head-loading adversely affects the medial-lateral proprioception and neuromusculoskeletal health of participants.

Contribution: The findings of this study confirms that head-loading produces musculoskeletal pain.

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头部负荷对夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省伊伦贝区青年神经-肌肉-骨骼健康的影响。

背景:头部装载作为运输食物、水和木柴的一种方式，是南非女性青年的一项长期传统，并与不利的健康后果有关。目的:本研究确定头部负荷对南非女性青年神经肌肉骨骼健康和本体感觉的影响。方法:本研究采用了一种平衡的、受试者内的单因素实验设计，比较了在引入自变量之前和之后的两个时间段内，在两个同质组中测量相同自变量(头部负荷)的因变量(结果:神经肌肉骨骼疼痛和本体感觉)时发生的变化。一组年龄在9-17岁的南非女性青年(n = 100)自愿参加了这项研究。参与者被随机分为实验组(n = 50)和对照组(n = 50)。实验组以各自惯常的头负荷质量处于头负荷状态。他们的本体感觉测量在他们的卸载和加载状态进行比较，本体感觉测量包括总本体感觉指数，前后(前后)指数和内侧外侧(侧对侧)指数。参与者还完成了一份头部负荷健康问卷。结果:参与者平均年龄为12.3±2.5岁，体重为44.4±13.7 kg，身高为145±10 cm，头负荷质量为8.0±2.5 kg。受试者在头部负荷时的内外侧本体感觉较差(1.4±0.8比1.6±0.9)(p < 0.05)。大多数年轻人(96%)在颈椎(40.9%)、肩部(27.3%)、腰椎(10.7%)、手臂(8.3%)、腿部(8.3%)、膝盖(1.9%)、手指(1.5%)、脚趾(0.5%)和胸椎(0.5%)出现神经肌肉骨骼疼痛(χ2: p < 0.05)。结论:头部负荷对参与者的内外侧本体感觉和神经肌肉骨骼健康有不利影响。贡献:这项研究的发现证实了头部负荷产生肌肉骨骼疼痛。

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来源期刊

African Journal of Disability HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-

CiteScore

2.10

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

20 weeks

期刊介绍： The African Journal of Disability, the official journal of CRS, AfriNEAD and CEDRES, introduce and discuss issues and experiences relating to and supporting the act of better understanding the interfaces between disability, poverty and practices of exclusion and marginalisation. Its articles yield new insight into established human development practices, evaluate new educational techniques and disability research, examine current cultural and social discrimination, and bring serious critical analysis to bear on problems shared across the African continent. Emphasis is on all aspects of disability particularity in the developing African context. This includes, amongst others: -disability studies as an emerging field of public health enquiry -rehabilitation, including vocational and community-based rehabilitation -community development and medical issues related to disability and poverty -disability-related stigma and discrimination -inclusive education -legal, policy, human rights and advocacy issues related to disability -the role of arts and media in relation to disability -disability as part of global Sustainable Development Goals transformation agendas -disability and postcolonial issues -globalisation and cultural change in relation to disability -environmental and climate-related issues linked to disability -disability, diversity and intersections of identity -disability and the promotion of human development.