Industrial Production and Therapeutic Application of Botulinum Neurotoxin: The Role of C. botulinum Type A.

Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutical nanotechnology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI:10.2174/2211738511666230825150259

S Danish Kadir

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Abstract

Botulinum neurotoxin has remarkably transitioned from a food safety hazard and biological warfare to an effective therapeutic drug. Currently, botulinum neurotoxins have seven serotypes (BoNT/A-G) in the form of protein complexes produced by Clostridium, a gram-positive and sporeforming bacteria. The conversion of toxins into useful drug substances of choice using the biotechnological process is tremendously increasing. Recent studies have shown that Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT/A) has different biological activities and potencies in experimental and clinical conditions. They also indicate that the manufacturing process influences the potency and efficacy of BoNT/A drugs. Thus, this review focuses on the following criteria: detailed Fed-batch operation that includes the upstream and downstream processing of BoNT/A, the underlying mechanism behind the neurotoxic effect, and commercially available FDA-approved BoNT/A products and their therapeutic uses. Still, some research gaps exist in the mechanism for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

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肉毒杆菌神经毒素的工业生产和治疗应用：A 型肉毒杆菌的作用。

肉毒杆菌神经毒素已从危害食品安全的生物战药物转变为一种有效的治疗药物。目前，肉毒杆菌神经毒素有七种血清型（BoNT/A-G），以蛋白质复合物的形式由梭状芽孢杆菌（一种革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌）产生。利用生物技术将毒素转化为有用的药物物质的情况正在大幅增加。最近的研究表明，肉毒杆菌神经毒素-A（BoNT/A）在实验和临床条件下具有不同的生物活性和效力。这些研究还表明，生产工艺会影响 BoNT/A 药物的效力和功效。因此，本综述重点关注以下标准：包括 BoNT/A 上游和下游加工过程在内的详细联邦批量操作、神经毒性效应背后的潜在机制、美国食品和药物管理局批准的市售 BoNT/A 产品及其治疗用途。在治疗精神疾病的机制方面，仍存在一些研究空白。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Pharmaceutical nanotechnology Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics-Pharmaceutical Science

CiteScore

4.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology publishes original manuscripts, full-length/mini reviews, thematic issues, rapid technical notes and commentaries that provide insights into the synthesis, characterisation and pharmaceutical (or diagnostic) application of materials at the nanoscale. The nanoscale is defined as a size range of below 1 µm. Scientific findings related to micro and macro systems with functionality residing within features defined at the nanoscale are also within the scope of the journal. Manuscripts detailing the synthesis, exhaustive characterisation, biological evaluation, clinical testing and/ or toxicological assessment of nanomaterials are of particular interest to the journal’s readership. Articles should be self contained, centred around a well founded hypothesis and should aim to showcase the pharmaceutical/ diagnostic implications of the nanotechnology approach. Manuscripts should aim, wherever possible, to demonstrate the in vivo impact of any nanotechnological intervention. As reducing a material to the nanoscale is capable of fundamentally altering the material’s properties, the journal’s readership is particularly interested in new characterisation techniques and the advanced properties that originate from this size reduction. Both bottom up and top down approaches to the realisation of nanomaterials lie within the scope of the journal.