Mineralization and morphology of peri-implant bone around loaded and unloaded dental implants retrieved from the human mandible.

IF 1.7 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Heidelberg Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-04 DOI:10.1007/s10006-023-01175-1

Fausto Zamparini, Maria Giovanna Gandolfi, Andrea Spinelli, Mauro Ferri, Giovanna Iezzi, Daniele Botticelli, Carlo Prati

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Abstract

Purpose: Limited data is reported regarding the bone mineralization around dental implants in the first months from insertion. The study analyzed the peri-implant bone around loaded and unloaded implants retrieved from human mandible after 4 months from placement.

Method: The composition and mineralization of human bone were analyzed through an innovative protocol technique using Environmental-Scanning-Electron-Microscopy connected with Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray-Spectroscopy (ESEM/EDX). Two regions of interest (ROIs, approximately 750×500 μm) for each bone implant sample were analyzed at the cortical (Cortical ROI) and apical (Apical ROI) implant threads. Calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen (atomic%) were determined using EDX, and the specific ratios (Ca/N, P/N, and Ca/P) were calculated as mineralization indices.

Results: Eighteen implant biopsies from ten patients were analyzed (unloaded implants, n=10; loaded implants, n=8). For each ROI, four bone areas (defined bones 1-4) were detected. These areas were characterized by different mineralization degree, varied Ca, P and N content, and different ratios, and by specific grayscale intensity detectable by ESEM images. Bony tissue in contact with loaded implants at the cortical ROI showed a higher percentage of low mineralized bone (bone 1) and a lower percentage of remodeling bone (bone 2) when compared to unloaded implants. The percentage of highly mineralized bone (bone 3) was similar in all groups.

Conclusion: Cortical and apical ROIs resulted in a puzzle of different bone "islands" characterized by various rates of mineralization. Only the loaded implants showed a high rate of mineralization in the cortical ROI.

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从人类下颌骨取回的已加载和未加载牙科植入物周围植入物骨的矿化和形态。

目的：有关牙科种植体植入后头几个月周围骨矿化的数据报道有限。本研究分析了从人类下颌骨取回的植入 4 个月后加载和卸载的种植体周围骨质：方法：采用环境扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱仪（ESEM/EDX）相结合的创新方案技术，分析人体骨骼的成分和矿化度。对每个骨植入样本的皮质（Cortical ROI）和根尖（Apical ROI）植入线的两个感兴趣区（ROI，约 750×500 μm）进行了分析。使用 EDX 测定钙、磷和氮（原子%），并计算特定比率（Ca/N、P/N 和 Ca/P）作为矿化指数：分析了 10 位患者的 18 个种植体活检组织（未加载种植体，n=10；加载种植体，n=8）。每个 ROI 检测到四个骨区域（定义为骨 1-4）。这些区域的特点是矿化程度不同，钙、磷、氮含量不同，比例不同，以及 ESEM 图像可检测到的特定灰度强度。与未加载的植入物相比，在皮质 ROI 上与加载植入物接触的骨组织显示出较高比例的低矿化骨（骨 1）和较低比例的重塑骨（骨 2）。各组的高矿化骨（骨3）比例相似：结论：皮质和根尖 ROI 形成了以不同矿化率为特征的不同骨 "岛"。只有加载的种植体在皮质 ROI 中显示出较高的矿化率。

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来源期刊

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Heidelberg DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

5.60%

发文量

118

期刊介绍： Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery founded as Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie is a peer-reviewed online journal. It is designed for clinicians as well as researchers.The quarterly journal offers comprehensive coverage of new techniques, important developments and innovative ideas in oral and maxillofacial surgery and interdisciplinary aspects of cranial, facial and oral diseases and their management. The journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope on work in oral and maxillofacial surgery as well as supporting specialties. Practice-oriented articles help improve the methods used in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Every aspect of oral and maxillofacial surgery is fully covered through a range of invited review articles, clinical and research articles, technical notes, abstracts, and case reports. Specific topics are: aesthetic facial surgery, clinical pathology, computer-assisted surgery, congenital and craniofacial deformities, dentoalveolar surgery, head and neck oncology, implant dentistry, oral medicine, orthognathic surgery, reconstructive surgery, skull base surgery, TMJ and trauma.Time-limited reviewing and electronic processing allow to publish articles as fast as possible. Accepted articles are rapidly accessible online.Clinical studies submitted for publication have to include a declaration that they have been approved by an ethical committee according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki 1964 (last amendment during the 52nd World Medical Association General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000). Experimental animal studies have to be carried out according to the principles of laboratory animal care (NIH publication No 86-23, revised 1985).