The Role of Viruses in Identifying and Analyzing RNA Silencing.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Q1 VIROLOGY Annual Review of Virology Pub Date : 2022-09-29 DOI:10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-064218
David C Baulcombe
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引用次数: 17

Abstract

Adaptive antiviral immunity in plants is an RNA-based mechanism in which small RNAs derived from both strands of the viral RNA are guides for an Argonaute (AGO) nuclease. The primed AGO specifically targets and silences the viral RNA. In plants this system has diversified to involve mobile small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), an amplification system involving secondary siRNAs and targeting mechanisms involving DNA methylation. Most, if not all, plant viruses encode multifunctional proteins that are suppressors of RNA silencing that may also influence the innate immune system and fine-tune the virus-host interaction. Animal viruses similarly trigger RNA silencing, although it may be masked in differentiated cells by the interferon system and by the action of the virus-encoded suppressor proteins. There is huge potential for RNA silencing to combat viral disease in crops, farm animals, and people, although there are complications associated with the various strategies for siRNA delivery including transgenesis. Alternative approaches could include using breeding or small molecule treatment to enhance the inherent antiviral capacity of infected cells.

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病毒在鉴定和分析RNA沉默中的作用。
植物的适应性抗病毒免疫是一种基于RNA的机制,其中来自病毒RNA两条链的小RNA是Argonaute (AGO)核酸酶的向导。引物AGO特异性靶向并沉默病毒RNA。在植物中,这个系统已经多样化,包括可移动的小干扰rna (sirna),一个涉及次级sirna的扩增系统和涉及DNA甲基化的靶向机制。大多数(如果不是全部的话)植物病毒编码多功能蛋白,这些蛋白是RNA沉默的抑制因子,也可能影响先天免疫系统并微调病毒与宿主的相互作用。动物病毒类似地触发RNA沉默,尽管它可能在分化细胞中被干扰素系统和病毒编码抑制蛋白的作用所掩盖。RNA沉默在对抗作物、农场动物和人类的病毒性疾病方面具有巨大的潜力,尽管包括转基因在内的各种siRNA递送策略存在并发症。替代方法可能包括使用育种或小分子治疗来增强受感染细胞固有的抗病毒能力。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
19.40
自引率
0.90%
发文量
28
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Virology serves as a conduit for disseminating thrilling advancements in our comprehension of viruses spanning animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. Its reviews illuminate novel concepts and trajectories in basic virology, elucidating viral disease mechanisms, exploring virus-host interactions, and scrutinizing cellular and immune responses to virus infection. These reviews underscore the exceptional capacity of viruses as potent probes for investigating cellular function.
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