Alcohol-Associated Tissue Injury: Current Views on Pathophysiological Mechanisms.

IF 15.7 1区 医学 Q1 PHYSIOLOGY Annual review of physiology Pub Date : 2022-02-10 DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-060821-014008
Liz Simon, Flavia M Souza-Smith, Patricia E Molina
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Abstract

At-risk alcohol use is a major contributor to the global health care burden and leads to preventable deaths and diseases including alcohol addiction, alcoholic liver disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, traumatic injuries, gastrointestinal diseases, cancers, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Excessive and frequent alcohol consumption has increasingly been linked to alcohol-associated tissue injury and pathophysiology, which have significant adverse effects on multiple organ systems. Extensive research in animal and in vitro models has elucidated the salient mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue and organ injury. In some cases, these pathophysiological mechanisms are shared across organ systems. The major alcohol- and alcohol metabolite-mediated mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation and immunometabolic dysregulation, gut leak and dysbiosis, cell death, extracellular matrix remodeling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and epigenomic modifications. These mechanisms are complex and interrelated, and determining the interplay among them will make it possible to identify how they synergistically or additively interact to cause alcohol-mediated multiorgan injury. In this article, we review the current understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in alcohol-induced tissue injury.

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酒精相关组织损伤:病理生理机制的最新观点。
高危饮酒是造成全球医疗负担的主要原因,并导致可预防的死亡和疾病,包括酒精成瘾、酒精性肝病、心血管疾病、糖尿病、创伤、胃肠道疾病、癌症和胎儿酒精综合征。过度和频繁饮酒越来越多地与酒精相关的组织损伤和病理生理学联系在一起,这对多个器官系统有重大不利影响。在动物和体外模型中的广泛研究已经阐明了酒精诱导的组织和器官损伤的显著机制。在某些情况下,这些病理生理机制是跨器官系统共享的。酒精和酒精代谢产物介导的主要机制包括氧化应激、炎症和免疫代谢失调、肠道渗漏和微生态失调、细胞死亡、细胞外基质重塑、内质网应激、线粒体功能障碍和表观基因组修饰。这些机制是复杂且相互关联的,确定它们之间的相互作用将有可能确定它们是如何协同或相加相互作用导致酒精介导的多器官损伤的。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了目前对酒精诱导的组织损伤的病理生理机制的理解。
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来源期刊
Annual review of physiology
Annual review of physiology 医学-生理学
CiteScore
35.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: Since 1939, the Annual Review of Physiology has been highlighting significant developments in animal physiology. The journal covers diverse areas, including cardiovascular physiology, cell physiology, ecological, evolutionary, and comparative physiology, endocrinology, gastrointestinal physiology, neurophysiology, renal and electrolyte physiology, respiratory physiology, and special topics.
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