The lens epithelium as a major determinant in the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the crystalline lens

IF 18.6 1区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101112
Zhenzhen Liu , Shan Huang , Yingfeng Zheng , Tian Zhou , Leyi Hu , Lang Xiong , David Wan-cheng Li , Yizhi Liu
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

The crystalline lens is a transparent and refractive biconvex structure formed by lens epithelial cells (LECs) and lens fibers. Lens opacity, also known as cataracts, is the leading cause of blindness in the world.

LECs are the principal cells of lens throughout human life, exhibiting different physiological properties and functions. During the embryonic stage, LECs proliferate and differentiate into lens fibers, which form the crystalline lens. Genetics and environment are vital factors that influence normal lens development. During maturation, LECs help maintain lens homeostasis through material transport, synthesis and metabolism as well as mitosis and proliferation. If disturbed, this will result in loss of lens transparency. After cataract surgery, the repair potential of LECs is activated and the structure and transparency of the regenerative tissue depends on postoperative microenvironment.

This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of LECs in lens development, homeostasis, and regeneration, with a particular focus on the role of cholesterol synthesis (eg., lanosterol synthase) in lens development and homeostasis maintenance, and how the regenerative potential of LECs can be harnessed to develop surgical strategies and improve the outcomes of cataract surgery (Fig. 1). These new insights suggest that LECs are a major determinant of the physiological and pathological state of the lens. Further studies on their molecular biology will offer possibility to explore new approaches for cataract prevention and treatment.

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晶状体上皮是晶状体发育、维持和再生的主要决定因素
晶状体是由晶状体上皮细胞(LECs)和晶状体纤维组成的透明、折射的双凸结构。晶状体混浊,也被称为白内障,是世界上致盲的主要原因。视神经细胞是人一生中晶状体的主要细胞,具有不同的生理特性和功能。在胚胎阶段,lec增殖并分化成晶状体纤维,形成晶状体。遗传和环境是影响晶状体正常发育的重要因素。在成熟过程中,LECs通过物质运输、合成和代谢以及有丝分裂和增殖来维持晶状体的稳态。如果受到干扰,这将导致镜片透明度的丧失。白内障手术后,lec的修复潜能被激活,再生组织的结构和透明度取决于术后微环境。本文综述了近年来关于LECs在晶状体发育、体内平衡和再生中的作用的研究进展,重点介绍了LECs在胆固醇合成中的作用。这些新发现表明,晶状体的生理和病理状态的主要决定因素是晶状体的再生潜力,以及晶状体的再生潜力如何被利用来制定手术策略和改善白内障手术的结果(图1)。对其分子生物学的进一步研究将为探索白内障预防和治疗的新途径提供可能。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
34.10
自引率
5.10%
发文量
78
期刊介绍: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research is a Reviews-only journal. By invitation, leading experts write on basic and clinical aspects of the eye in a style appealing to molecular biologists, neuroscientists and physiologists, as well as to vision researchers and ophthalmologists. The journal covers all aspects of eye research, including topics pertaining to the retina and pigment epithelial layer, cornea, tears, lacrimal glands, aqueous humour, iris, ciliary body, trabeculum, lens, vitreous humour and diseases such as dry-eye, inflammation, keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, glaucoma and cataract.
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