Role of Immune and Inflammatory Mechanisms in Stroke: A Review of Current Advances.

IF 2.2 4区 医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Neuroimmunomodulation Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI:10.1159/000524951
Hui Zhao, Yan Li, Ying Zhang, Wen-Yan He, Wei-Na Jin
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Stroke accounts for a large proportion of morbidity and mortality burden in China. Moreover, there is a high prevalence of the leading risk factors for stroke, including hypertension and smoking. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions for patients with stroke is a key imperative. The pathophysiology of stroke involves a complex interplay between the immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Focal brain inflammation triggered by neuronal cell death and the release of factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns can further exacerbate neuronal injury; in addition, impairment of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, and brain edema cause secondary brain injury. Immune cells, including microglia and other infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a key role in triggering focal and global brain inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the aforementioned mechanisms can alleviate primary and secondary brain injury in the aftermath of a stroke. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to explore the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in stroke.

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免疫和炎症机制在脑卒中中的作用:最新进展综述。
中风在中国的发病率和死亡率负担中占很大比例。此外,中风的主要危险因素也很普遍,包括高血压和吸烟。了解潜在的机制和开发有效的治疗干预措施对中风患者是一个关键的当务之急。卒中的病理生理涉及免疫和炎症机制之间复杂的相互作用。神经元细胞死亡引发的局灶性脑炎症和损伤相关分子模式等因素的释放可进一步加剧神经元损伤;此外,血脑屏障损伤、氧化应激、微血管功能障碍和脑水肿可引起继发性脑损伤。免疫细胞,包括小胶质细胞和其他浸润性炎症细胞,在触发局灶性和全局性脑炎症中起关键作用。针对上述机制的抗炎治疗可以减轻中风后的原发性和继发性脑损伤。抗炎药物对脑卒中的有益作用有待进一步的实验和临床研究。
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来源期刊
Neuroimmunomodulation
Neuroimmunomodulation 医学-免疫学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
35
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The rapidly expanding area of research known as neuroimmunomodulation explores the way in which the nervous system interacts with the immune system via neural, hormonal, and paracrine actions. Encompassing both basic and clinical research, ''Neuroimmunomodulation'' reports on all aspects of these interactions. Basic investigations consider all neural and humoral networks from molecular genetics through cell regulation to integrative systems of the body. The journal also aims to clarify the basic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the CNS pathology in AIDS patients and in various neurodegenerative diseases. Although primarily devoted to research articles, timely reviews are published on a regular basis.
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