Development of decellularization protocol for caprine small intestine submucosa as a biomaterial

Abstract

Decellularized animal tissues have been proven to be promising biomaterials for various tissue engineering (TE) applications. Among various animal tissues, small intestine submucosa (SIS) has gained attention of many researchers due to its easy availability from the abattoir waste, excellent physicochemical and biological characteristics of a good biomaterial. In this study, Caprine SIS was decellularized to get decellularized caprine SIS (DG-SIS). For decellularization, several physical, chemical and enzymatic protocols have been described in the literature. To optimize the decellularization of caprine SIS, several decellularization protocol (DP), including an in-house developed by us, had been attempted, and effect of the different DPs on the obtained DG-SIS were assessed in terms of decellularization, physiochemical and biological properties. All the DPs differ in terms of decellularization, but three DPs where ionic detergent like sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) has been used, largely affect the native composition (e.g. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)), biological properties and other physiochemical properties of the G-SIS as compared to the DP that uses hypertonic solution of potassium iodide (KI) and non-ionic detergent (TritonX-100). The obtained DG-SISs were fibrous, hemocompatible, biocompatible, hydrophilic, biodegradable and exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Therefore, the DG-SIS will be a prospective biomaterial for TE applications.