Artificial bone grafts are widely used to treat bone defects, and paste-type materials capable of setting into arbitrary shapes offer particularly high clinical value. We previously developed a novel paste-type artificial bone, termed a chelate-setting calcium phosphate cement, which uses inositol phosphate (IP6) with strong calcium-chelating ability. Earlier studies revealed a clear relationship between the in vitro solubility and in vivo resorption behavior of this cement; however, the cellular mechanisms linking solubility to biological responses remain insufficiently understood. In this study, chelate-setting cements composed of different calcium phosphate phases, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and hydroxyapatite (HAp), were fabricated to clarify how ions released from each cement influence osteoblast and osteoclast responses. The IP6/α-TCP cement showed the highest release of calcium and phosphate ions, followed by IP6/β-TCP, whereas IP6/HAp exhibited the lowest release. In osteoblast assays, cell proliferation was greatest on IP6/HAp and lowest on IP6/α-TCP. Conversely, osteoclast differentiation was most strongly promoted by IP6/β-TCP and suppressed on IP6/HAp. Overall, the β-TCP-based cement provided the most balanced cellular responses for bone formation and resorption, supporting the established view that β-TCP offers superior resorption–replacement characteristics.
{"title":"Osteoblast and osteoclast responses to chelate-setting calcium phosphate cements with different solubilities","authors":"Minami Kosuge , Kyokei Hazama , Kitaru Suzuki , Mamoru Aizawa","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial bone grafts are widely used to treat bone defects, and paste-type materials capable of setting into arbitrary shapes offer particularly high clinical value. We previously developed a novel paste-type artificial bone, termed a chelate-setting calcium phosphate cement, which uses inositol phosphate (IP6) with strong calcium-chelating ability. Earlier studies revealed a clear relationship between the <em>in vitro</em> solubility and <em>in vivo</em> resorption behavior of this cement; however, the cellular mechanisms linking solubility to biological responses remain insufficiently understood. In this study, chelate-setting cements composed of different calcium phosphate phases, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP), β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and hydroxyapatite (HAp), were fabricated to clarify how ions released from each cement influence osteoblast and osteoclast responses. The IP6/α-TCP cement showed the highest release of calcium and phosphate ions, followed by IP6/β-TCP, whereas IP6/HAp exhibited the lowest release. In osteoblast assays, cell proliferation was greatest on IP6/HAp and lowest on IP6/α-TCP. Conversely, osteoclast differentiation was most strongly promoted by IP6/β-TCP and suppressed on IP6/HAp. Overall, the β-TCP-based cement provided the most balanced cellular responses for bone formation and resorption, supporting the established view that β-TCP offers superior resorption–replacement characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100128
Julia Chuttke , Luisa Scholz , Johannes Wohlrab , Mandy Koch , Gerd Hause , Matthew Fuszard , Adina Eichner
Keratins are ubiquitously occurring proteins, which are the structural basis of e.g. hairs, nails, and even skin. In detail, the Stratum corneum (SC) barrier function depends on the keratin-filled corneocytes and the surrounding lipid matrix. Our focus was on keratins as artificial substituents and model substances for/on damaged or irritated SC with limited barrier properties. We were able to extract full-sequenced, intact fibrous proteins from chicken feathers using a urea and L-cysteine-based extraction method, with the intention to avoid the application of irritating sodium dodecyl sulfate and final keratin precipitation. Keratin particles with a high degree of water-solubility were received. Typical characteristics of feather keratins were further verified: FT-IR technique revealed the presence of α-helical structures and β-sheets. Applying gel electrophoresis techniques, a main fraction was observed with a molecular mass of 10 kDa. Finally, mass spectrometry identified feather keratins with 10.1 kDa and 98 amino acids, indicating the complete protein sequences. In aqueous dispersion, a DLS study revealed that keratin particles were in a colloidal state with an average particle size of about 300 nm and a zeta potential of –40 mV. Cell proliferation and cell vitality tests on juvenile native human dermal fibroblasts and native human epidermal keratinocytes cells presented the physiological effect of the keratin particles. A final ex vivo study on hen´s eggs revealed no irritative potential of the keratin, which was crucial for the intended usage on damaged or irritated SC.
{"title":"Extraction of keratin particles as intact protein sequences from chicken feathers and their characterization","authors":"Julia Chuttke , Luisa Scholz , Johannes Wohlrab , Mandy Koch , Gerd Hause , Matthew Fuszard , Adina Eichner","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keratins are ubiquitously occurring proteins, which are the structural basis of e.g. hairs, nails, and even skin. In detail, the Stratum corneum (SC) barrier function depends on the keratin-filled corneocytes and the surrounding lipid matrix. Our focus was on keratins as artificial substituents and model substances for/on damaged or irritated SC with limited barrier properties. We were able to extract full-sequenced, intact fibrous proteins from chicken feathers using a urea and L-cysteine-based extraction method, with the intention to avoid the application of irritating sodium dodecyl sulfate and final keratin precipitation. Keratin particles with a high degree of water-solubility were received. Typical characteristics of feather keratins were further verified: FT-IR technique revealed the presence of α-helical structures and β-sheets. Applying gel electrophoresis techniques, a main fraction was observed with a molecular mass of 10 kDa. Finally, mass spectrometry identified feather keratins with 10.1 kDa and 98 amino acids, indicating the complete protein sequences. In aqueous dispersion, a DLS study revealed that keratin particles were in a colloidal state with an average particle size of about 300 nm and a zeta potential of –40 mV. Cell proliferation and cell vitality tests on juvenile native human dermal fibroblasts and native human epidermal keratinocytes cells presented the physiological effect of the keratin particles. A final <em>ex vivo</em> study on hen´s eggs revealed no irritative potential of the keratin, which was crucial for the intended usage on damaged or irritated SC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100127
Andrea Rossoni , Giovanni Lauretta , Stephen Kearns , Dimitrios I. Zeugolis
Tendon engineered substitutes remain clinically unavailable, largely due to the need for prolonged culture periods to allow for sufficient extracellular matrix deposition. Although macromolecular crowding allows for accelerated extracellular matrix deposition, the optimal macromolecular crowding agent in human tenocyte cultures is still unknown. Here, we measured the physicochemical properties of six macromolecules (κλ carrageenan, λ carrageenan, polysucrose, polyacrylic acid, hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and assessed their effect in human tenocyte basic function, collagen type I deposition and gene expression. The κλ carrageenan exhibited the highest polydispersity index. None of the macromolecules impaired cell viability and metabolic activity. The κλ carrageenan and the λ carrageenan significantly enhanced collagen type I deposition. A macromolecular crowding agent dependent gene expression was observed, with the κλ carrageenan appearing to induce a more mature phenotype. This study provides a framework for selecting an appropriate macromolecular crowding agent to enhance and accelerate extracellular matrix deposition, whilst maintaining acceptable cell function.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of different macromolecular crowding agents in human tenocyte cultures","authors":"Andrea Rossoni , Giovanni Lauretta , Stephen Kearns , Dimitrios I. Zeugolis","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2026.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tendon engineered substitutes remain clinically unavailable, largely due to the need for prolonged culture periods to allow for sufficient extracellular matrix deposition. Although macromolecular crowding allows for accelerated extracellular matrix deposition, the optimal macromolecular crowding agent in human tenocyte cultures is still unknown. Here, we measured the physicochemical properties of six macromolecules (κλ carrageenan, λ carrageenan, polysucrose, polyacrylic acid, hyaluronic acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and assessed their effect in human tenocyte basic function, collagen type I deposition and gene expression. The κλ carrageenan exhibited the highest polydispersity index. None of the macromolecules impaired cell viability and metabolic activity. The κλ carrageenan and the λ carrageenan significantly enhanced collagen type I deposition. A macromolecular crowding agent dependent gene expression was observed, with the κλ carrageenan appearing to induce a more mature phenotype. This study provides a framework for selecting an appropriate macromolecular crowding agent to enhance and accelerate extracellular matrix deposition, whilst maintaining acceptable cell function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in biomicrodevices owing to its excellent processability, flexibility, and optical properties. However, the poor cell adhesiveness of PDMS limits its application as a stable substrate for long-term cell cultures. To address these challenges, we synthesized a photocrosslinkable terpolymer composed of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)acrylamide, N-benzophenone acrylamide, and N-succinimidyl acrylate (NSA), and covalently grafted it onto PDMS surfaces using UV irradiation. The ternary polymer coatings exhibited long-term stability in aqueous media and suppressed thenonspecific adsorption of proteins and cell adhesion. Furthermore, the immobilization of collagen on the side groups of NSA provides selective cell-adhesive functionality. In particular, PDMS surfaces modified with a ternary polymer containing 10 mol% NSA supported the robust and sustained adhesion of C2C12 myoblasts. When combined with stripe-patterned microstructures, these surfaces promoted unidirectional alignment, efficient myotube formation, and strong expression of dystrophin, with the 25 μm-pitch pattern demonstrating the most pronounced effects. Notably, spontaneous contraction of the formed myotubes confirmed advanced functional differentiation. These results demonstrate that the proposed facile and durable surface modification strategy for PDMS imparts both anti-biofouling properties and selective biofunctionality. The PDMS modification strategy provides a versatile platform for engineering functional muscle fibers and expanding the potential of PDMS-based bio-microdevices and tissue-engineered constructs.
{"title":"Durable and biofunctional polydimethylsiloxane surfaces engineered with photocrosslinkable terpolymers for aligned and functional myotube formation","authors":"Ryoma Takagi , Tadashi Nakaji-Hirabayashi , Moe Kato , Miwako Shobo , Chiaki Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in biomicrodevices owing to its excellent processability, flexibility, and optical properties. However, the poor cell adhesiveness of PDMS limits its application as a stable substrate for long-term cell cultures. To address these challenges, we synthesized a photocrosslinkable terpolymer composed of <em>N</em>-(2-hydroxypropyl)acrylamide, <em>N</em>-benzophenone acrylamide, and <em>N</em>-succinimidyl acrylate (NSA), and covalently grafted it onto PDMS surfaces using UV irradiation. The ternary polymer coatings exhibited long-term stability in aqueous media and suppressed thenonspecific adsorption of proteins and cell adhesion. Furthermore, the immobilization of collagen on the side groups of NSA provides selective cell-adhesive functionality. In particular, PDMS surfaces modified with a ternary polymer containing 10 mol% NSA supported the robust and sustained adhesion of C2C12 myoblasts. When combined with stripe-patterned microstructures, these surfaces promoted unidirectional alignment, efficient myotube formation, and strong expression of dystrophin, with the 25 μm-pitch pattern demonstrating the most pronounced effects. Notably, spontaneous contraction of the formed myotubes confirmed advanced functional differentiation. These results demonstrate that the proposed facile and durable surface modification strategy for PDMS imparts both anti-biofouling properties and selective biofunctionality. The PDMS modification strategy provides a versatile platform for engineering functional muscle fibers and expanding the potential of PDMS-based bio-microdevices and tissue-engineered constructs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145908859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100125
Annachiara Dozzo , Aikaterini Dedeloudi , Dimitrios Lamprou , Caitriona M. O’Driscoll , Katie B. Ryan
The metastatic spread of prostate cancer to the bone is debilitating for patients and is associated with a poor prognostic outlook. Gaining a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and its metastatic spread using advanced, in vitro, 3D models could enhance disease understanding and the successful development of new drug treatments. The in vitro replication of prostate cancer metastasisation to bone is challenging and has received little research attention. The 3D scaffold models investigated to date exhibit different physical characteristics and utilise a diverse range of materials, and manufacturing methods. This variability is likely driven by the lack of standardisation and guidance. Herein, we review the scaffold models used as in vitro bone niches of prostate cancer metastases and examine the different physical (e.g. porosity, pore geometry) and material criteria that guide the design and production of artificial 3D bone aliases. We critically review different manufacturing techniques ranging from standard techniques (e.g. freeze drying) to more advanced additive manufacturing strategies that enable the production of more intricate and controlled structures. Ultimately, we provide insights and future directions to guide researchers investigating this poorly studied field.
{"title":"Advancing 3D scaffold models for metastatic prostate cancer in bone: Materials, manufacture, and future perspectives","authors":"Annachiara Dozzo , Aikaterini Dedeloudi , Dimitrios Lamprou , Caitriona M. O’Driscoll , Katie B. Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The metastatic spread of prostate cancer to the bone is debilitating for patients and is associated with a poor prognostic outlook. Gaining a deeper insight into the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and its metastatic spread using advanced, in vitro, 3D models could enhance disease understanding and the successful development of new drug treatments. The in vitro replication of prostate cancer metastasisation to bone is challenging and has received little research attention. The 3D scaffold models investigated to date exhibit different physical characteristics and utilise a diverse range of materials, and manufacturing methods. This variability is likely driven by the lack of standardisation and guidance. Herein, we review the scaffold models used as in vitro bone niches of prostate cancer metastases and examine the different physical (e.g. porosity, pore geometry) and material criteria that guide the design and production of artificial 3D bone aliases. We critically review different manufacturing techniques ranging from standard techniques (e.g. freeze drying) to more advanced additive manufacturing strategies that enable the production of more intricate and controlled structures. Ultimately, we provide insights and future directions to guide researchers investigating this poorly studied field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100124
Aline S. Perez , Denise Selivon , Antonio M․Figueiredo Neto
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4), have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications due to their tunable magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and functionalization potential. In this study, we synthesized superparamagnetic MnFe2O4@Fe2O3 core-shell nanoparticles (5.8 nm inorganic core, ∼10 nm lipid-coated) functionalized with oleic acid (OA) or soy lecithin (Lec) to enhance biocompatibility. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to combine this unique hybrid core-shell structure with lipid coatings and evaluate its safety in an animal model. To characterize the MNPs we provided structural, magnetic, and physical-chemistry studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization hysteresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. To assess acute and chronic nanotoxicity, fruit flies from parental and F1 generations were fed a diet containing MNPs at concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/mL, and were evaluated throughout all developmental stages. The findings revealed that the MNPs showed no signs of toxicity at any of the concentrations tested. We combined hybrid core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles with organic lipid-coated that exhibit unique physicochemical characteristics, confirming their low in vivo nanotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster and supporting their potential as biocompatible, magnetically responsive and small-sized platforms for biomedical application such as drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, magnetic properties, and physicochemical stability.
{"title":"Superparamagnetic MnFe2O4@Fe2O3 lipid-coated small nanoparticles: Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility assessment in drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Aline S. Perez , Denise Selivon , Antonio M․Figueiredo Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly manganese ferrite (MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>), have emerged as promising candidates for biomedical applications due to their tunable magnetic properties, biocompatibility, and functionalization potential. In this study, we synthesized superparamagnetic MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> core-shell nanoparticles (5.8 nm inorganic core, ∼10 nm lipid-coated) functionalized with oleic acid (OA) or soy lecithin (Lec) to enhance biocompatibility. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to combine this unique hybrid core-shell structure with lipid coatings and evaluate its safety in an animal model. To characterize the MNPs we provided structural, magnetic, and physical-chemistry studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization hysteresis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. To assess acute and chronic nanotoxicity, fruit flies from parental and F<sub>1</sub> generations were fed a diet containing MNPs at concentrations of 0.0, 0.1, and 1.0 mg/mL, and were evaluated throughout all developmental stages. The findings revealed that the MNPs showed no signs of toxicity at any of the concentrations tested. We combined hybrid core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles with organic lipid-coated that exhibit unique physicochemical characteristics, confirming their low <em>in vivo</em> nanotoxicity in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> and supporting their potential as biocompatible, magnetically responsive and small-sized platforms for biomedical application such as drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, magnetic properties, and physicochemical stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145364041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100123
Vinicius Sales , Carlo Paternoster , Francesco Copes , Paolo Mengucci , Gabriele Grima , Marcello Cabibbo , Georgios Kolliopoulos , Diego Mantovani
Fe-Mn alloys represent promising candidates for temporary biomedical intravascular implants with a thin structure (e.g., coronary, cerebral and peripheral stents) due to their high mechanical strength, acceptable biocompatibility, and controllable corrosion rate. Traditionally, these devices are produced by casting followed by thermo-mechanical processing, i.e. a time- and energy-intensive top-to-bottom approach. This study explores electroforming as an alternative method to fabricate bottom-to-top thin Fe-Mn structures using ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Glycine was introduced as a complexing agent to enhance Mn co-deposition. Electroforming was investigated in presence of three glycine concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 M), and the the microstructure, composition, corrosion behavior, and cytocompatibility of the developed thin (50-85 µm) structures were characterized. Higher glycine content improved Mn incorporation, crystallinity, hardness and increased corrosion rate. These findings support the use of DES-based electroforming as a promising route for fabricating biodegradable Fe-Mn devices with tunable properties.
{"title":"Development of biodegradable Fe-Mn thin structures by electroforming in deep eutectic solvents","authors":"Vinicius Sales , Carlo Paternoster , Francesco Copes , Paolo Mengucci , Gabriele Grima , Marcello Cabibbo , Georgios Kolliopoulos , Diego Mantovani","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe-Mn alloys represent promising candidates for temporary biomedical intravascular implants with a thin structure (e.g., coronary, cerebral and peripheral stents) due to their high mechanical strength, acceptable biocompatibility, and controllable corrosion rate. Traditionally, these devices are produced by casting followed by thermo-mechanical processing, i.e. a time- and energy-intensive top-to-bottom approach. This study explores electroforming as an alternative method to fabricate bottom-to-top thin Fe-Mn structures using ethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Glycine was introduced as a complexing agent to enhance Mn co-deposition. Electroforming was investigated in presence of three glycine concentrations (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 M), and the the microstructure, composition, corrosion behavior, and cytocompatibility of the developed thin (50-85 µm) structures were characterized. Higher glycine content improved Mn incorporation, crystallinity, hardness and increased corrosion rate. These findings support the use of DES-based electroforming as a promising route for fabricating biodegradable Fe-Mn devices with tunable properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100122
Liliana Lizarazo-Fonseca , Gustavo Salguero , Linda Guerrero , Ingrid Silva-Cote
Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) has been shown to promote wound healing by regulating key cellular processes. However, its clinical application is limited by the need for repeated dosing and by its labile nature, as TGF-β3 is sensitive to physiological fluctuations in temperature and pH, which can compromise its stability and efficacy. In this study, we developed a novel scaffold composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and type I collagen as a matrix to immobilize calcium alginate capsules loaded with TGF-β3, called PCAT. This system enables localized delivery of the factor to the lesion site while preserving its bioactivity, positioning PCAT as an effective growth factor-release platform. In vitro characterization using human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) cultured on PCAT was conducted to assess cytocompatibility, bioactivity and growth factor quantification. Additionally, the tissue construct formed by hWJ-MSCs and PCAT was evaluated in vivo using full-thickness wound and epidermal skin grafts. The results demonstrated that PCAT preserved TGF-β3 - bioactivity, enabled sustained and localized delivery, promoted hWJ-MSCs proliferation, and modulated the secretion of growth factors associated with skin wound healing in vitro. Histological analysis showed that PCAT/hWJ-MSCs promoted epidermal skin grafts integration, evidenced by the presence of epidermal ridges (ER) and dermal papillae (DP). In addition, granulation tissue was characterized by thick and long collagen fibers, well-formed blood vessels (BV), and a low prevalence of inflammatory cells (IC). These results suggest that PCAT/hWJ-MSCs construct effectively stimulates wound healing and represents a promising strategy for skin tissue repair.
{"title":"Engineered dermal tissue constructs using mesenchymal stromal cells and TGF-β3-loaded electrospun dressings for stimulated wound healing process","authors":"Liliana Lizarazo-Fonseca , Gustavo Salguero , Linda Guerrero , Ingrid Silva-Cote","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) has been shown to promote wound healing by regulating key cellular processes. However, its clinical application is limited by the need for repeated dosing and by its labile nature, as TGF-β3 is sensitive to physiological fluctuations in temperature and pH, which can compromise its stability and efficacy. In this study, we developed a novel scaffold composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and type I collagen as a matrix to immobilize calcium alginate capsules loaded with TGF-β3, called PCAT. This system enables localized delivery of the factor to the lesion site while preserving its bioactivity, positioning PCAT as an effective growth factor-release platform. In vitro characterization using human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) cultured on PCAT was conducted to assess cytocompatibility, bioactivity and growth factor quantification. Additionally, the tissue construct formed by hWJ-MSCs and PCAT was evaluated in vivo using full-thickness wound and epidermal skin grafts. The results demonstrated that PCAT preserved TGF-β3 - bioactivity, enabled sustained and localized delivery, promoted hWJ-MSCs proliferation, and modulated the secretion of growth factors associated with skin wound healing in vitro. Histological analysis showed that PCAT/hWJ-MSCs promoted epidermal skin grafts integration, evidenced by the presence of epidermal ridges (ER) and dermal papillae (DP). In addition, granulation tissue was characterized by thick and long collagen fibers, well-formed blood vessels (BV), and a low prevalence of inflammatory cells (IC). These results suggest that PCAT/hWJ-MSCs construct effectively stimulates wound healing and represents a promising strategy for skin tissue repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100121
Anders Palmquist, Furqan A. Shah
The use of bone-repair biomaterials is rapidly expanding to meet the needs of an ageing and increasingly active population, often with compromised bone quality. However, inconsistencies in how materials are assessed preclinically, across animal models, sampling strategies, and analytical techniques, have led to flawed comparisons and misleading claims. Fundamental differences in material properties and the biological responses they elicit are frequently ignored, conflating distinct mechanisms of bone formation. This "apples vs. oranges" problem is magnified by the growing diversity of biomaterials. Here, we call for a more systematic, context-aware approach to biomaterial evaluation that emphasises standardisation and biological relevance.
{"title":"Mind the gap: Standardising preclinical testing of bone-repair biomaterials","authors":"Anders Palmquist, Furqan A. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bbiosy.2025.100121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of bone-repair biomaterials is rapidly expanding to meet the needs of an ageing and increasingly active population, often with compromised bone quality. However, inconsistencies in how materials are assessed preclinically, across animal models, sampling strategies, and analytical techniques, have led to flawed comparisons and misleading claims. Fundamental differences in material properties and the biological responses they elicit are frequently ignored, conflating distinct mechanisms of bone formation. This \"<em>apples vs. oranges</em>\" problem is magnified by the growing diversity of biomaterials. Here, we call for a more systematic, context-aware approach to biomaterial evaluation that emphasises standardisation and biological relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72379,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials and biosystems","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The airway mucosa plays a crucial role in protection and various physiological functions. Current methods for restoring airway mucosa, such as myocutaneous flaps or split skin grafts, create a stratified squamous layer that lacks the cilia and mucus-secreting glands of the native columnar-lined airway. This study examines the application of various injectable biopolymers as active molecules for a potential approach to regenerating laryngeal epithelial tissue.
Methods
The sample includes nine healthy dogs of the same breed. First, the medical engineering team prepared three types of biosynthetic materials (alginate, PGS, and chitosan) in a standard laboratory setting. After the induction of anesthesia in animals, the upper surface of the true vocal cords was bilaterally incised and denuded to create a uniform injury site. Biomaterials were applied to one side (intervention side), while the contralateral side served as the control and received no treatment. The length of the affected area after induction of injury, as observed in the microscopic view, was analyzed in relation to the effects of biomaterials, including epithelial hyperplasia, inflammation, granulation bed formation, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia.
Results
The mean standard deviation (SD) of epithelial hyperplasia scores, inflammatory scores, angiogenesis scores, and fibroplasia scores were not significantly different between the groups. However, the mean (SD) of granulation tissue bed score among the alginate [3.33 (1.15)], PGS [2.33 (0.58)], chitosan [3.33 (0.58)], and control [4.67 (0.58)] groups was significantly different between groups (p = 0.03).
Conclusions
This study demonstrated that a biopolymer has a positive effect on the repair of laryngeal epithelial tissue in an animal model without considering the impact of laryngeal movements.
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