The Emergence of Specialized Roles Within Groups.

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-26 DOI:10.1111/tops.12644
Robert L Goldstone, Edgar J Andrade-Lotero, Robert D Hawkins, Michael E Roberts
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Abstract

Humans routinely form groups to achieve goals that no individual can accomplish alone. Group coordination often brings to mind synchrony and alignment, where all individuals do the same thing (e.g., driving on the right side of the road, marching in lockstep, or playing musical instruments on a regular beat). Yet, effective coordination also typically involves differentiation, where specialized roles emerge for different members (e.g., prep stations in a kitchen or positions on an athletic team). Role specialization poses a challenge for computational models of group coordination, which have largely focused on achieving synchrony. Here, we present the CARMI framework, which characterizes role specialization processes in terms of five core features that we hope will help guide future model development: Communication, Adaptation to feedback, Repulsion, Multi-level planning, and Intention modeling. Although there are many paths to role formation, we suggest that roles emerge when each agent in a group dynamically allocates their behavior toward a shared goal to complement what they expect others to do. In other words, coordination concerns beliefs (who will do what) rather than simple actions. We describe three related experimental paradigms-"Group Binary Search," "Battles of the Exes," and "Find the Unicorn"-that we have used to study differentiation processes in the lab, each emphasizing different aspects of the CARMI framework.

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群体内专业角色的出现。
人类经常组成团队来实现任何个人都无法独自完成的目标。团队协调通常会让人想起同步性和一致性,即所有人都做同样的事情(例如,在道路右侧行驶、步调一致地行进或按常规节拍演奏乐器)。然而,有效的协调通常也涉及差异化,不同成员会扮演专门的角色(例如,厨房里的准备站或运动队的位置)。角色专门化对群体协调的计算模型提出了挑战,这些模型主要关注实现同步性。在这里,我们介绍了CARMI框架,该框架从五个核心特征来表征角色专业化过程,我们希望这些核心特征将有助于指导未来的模型开发:沟通、适应反馈、排斥、多层次规划和意图建模。尽管角色形成有很多途径,但我们认为,当一个群体中的每个主体动态地将自己的行为分配给一个共同的目标,以补充他们期望他人做的事情时,角色就会出现。换句话说,协调涉及信念(谁会做什么),而不是简单的行动。我们描述了三种相关的实验范式——“群体二元搜索”、“Exes之战”和“寻找独角兽”——我们在实验室中用来研究差异化过程,每种范式都强调CARMI框架的不同方面。
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来源期刊
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS) is an innovative new journal that covers all areas of cognitive science including cognitive modeling, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive science and philosophy. topiCS aims to provide a forum for: -New communities of researchers- New controversies in established areas- Debates and commentaries- Reflections and integration The publication features multiple scholarly papers dedicated to a single topic. Some of these topics will appear together in one issue, but others may appear across several issues or develop into a regular feature. Controversies or debates started in one issue may be followed up by commentaries in a later issue, etc. However, the format and origin of the topics will vary greatly.
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