Fluoride sources, toxicity and fluorosis management techniques – A brief review

IF 6.6 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Journal of hazardous materials letters Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.hazl.2021.100033
Shreyas J. Kashyap , Ravi Sankannavar , G.M. Madhu
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引用次数: 30

Abstract

Fluoride contamination in drinking water is a global issue. Frequent over-exposure to fluoride causes several health problems such as fluorosis, neurological, thyroid, osteoporosis, etc. The guideline values prescribed by the WHO and other nationals for fluoride in drinking water are reasonable but mostly relevant to fluorosis. However, these guideline values cannot be satisfied in some regions due to economic and financial shortcomings. Several fluorosis management techniques were suggested to address excess fluoride in drinking water, but each have specific drawbacks. Defluoridation techniques like the Nalgonda technique, reverse osmosis (RO), and adsorption using activated alumina have found to be promising to reduce fluoride concentration within the prescribed limits, and RO water is most widely used for drinking in fluorosis affected regions. However, these techniques are still associated with certain drawbacks, and prior research on this theme has focused on one dimension of removing excess fluoride from water. Hence, it is essential to understand the basic problems associated with fluoride contamination, such as sources of fluoride exposure, adverse health effects and defluoridation techniques feasibility. Furthermore, perception of the effect of co-existing ions with fluoride in drinking water is crucial in deciding fluoride toxicity level and developing efficient strategies for fluorosis mitigation.

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氟化物来源、毒性和氟中毒管理技术综述
饮用水中的氟化物污染是一个全球性问题。经常过度接触氟化物会导致多种健康问题,如氟中毒、神经系统、甲状腺、骨质疏松症等。世界卫生组织和其他国家规定的饮用水中氟化物的指导值是合理的,但主要与氟中毒有关。然而,由于经济和财政的不足,这些指标值在一些地区无法满足。提出了几种氟中毒管理技术来解决饮用水中过量的氟化物,但每种技术都有特定的缺点。纳尔贡达技术、反渗透(RO)和活性氧化铝吸附等除氟技术有望将氟浓度降低到规定的范围内,RO水是氟中毒影响地区最广泛使用的饮用水。然而,这些技术仍然存在某些缺点,先前对这一主题的研究主要集中在从水中去除过量氟化物的一个方面。因此,必须了解与氟污染有关的基本问题,例如氟接触的来源、对健康的不利影响和除氟技术的可行性。此外,了解饮用水中共存离子与氟化物的影响对于确定氟化物毒性水平和制定有效的氟中毒缓解战略至关重要。
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来源期刊
Journal of hazardous materials letters
Journal of hazardous materials letters Pollution, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Engineering
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
20 days
期刊最新文献
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