{"title":"Evaluation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (Ppar-γ) and metabolic dysfunction among hypertensive nigerians","authors":"Oloruntoba Ayodele Ekun, Adedamola Oyeniyi Oyekunle, Calyster Oshiomogho Igbadumhe","doi":"10.1016/j.endmts.2021.100108","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><p>Hypertension is gradually becoming a major health burden in Nigeria; the most populous African nation. Often this starts unnoticed, but later, this disorder leads to complications and death if not properly managed. This study assessed the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), insulin, glucose and lipid profile components in hypertensive Nigerians.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total number of four hundred and nineteen volunteers consisting of two hundred and fifteen (215) hypertensive and two hundred and four (204) normotensive participants (of which two hundred and sixty (260) and one hundred and fifty-nine (159) were female and male respectively) participated in this study. Blood pressure of all volunteers was measured and blood samples of the consenting participants were collected in their fasting state and were analyzed for PPAR-γ, insulin, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Cobas C-111 auto-analyzer respectively. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure of hypertensive volunteers were higher (P<0.05) than the control. The female participants had higher (p<0.05) BMI and systolic blood pressure when compared with male counterpart. <strong>The circulating levels of PPAR-γ were not significantly different (P>0.05) between hypertensive and control volunteers as well as between gender studied.</strong> The glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were higher in hypertensive volunteers (P<0.05). Insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-c were significantly raised (p<0.05) in female participants when compared with male. Negative association existed between PPAR-γ and HbA1c (P<0.001), and between PPAR-γ and glucose (P>0.05). Positive association existed between HOMA-IR and HbA1c, HOMA-IR and Glucose (P<0.001), HOMA-IR and Cholesterol (P<0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Hypertensive volunteers demonstrated higher BMI, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and LDL-c all these could precipitate metabolic dysfunction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34427,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396121000315/pdfft?md5=f386dc26b3a01c185496b0c6df052b43&pid=1-s2.0-S2666396121000315-main.pdf","citationCount":"1","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Endocrine and Metabolic Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666396121000315","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Abstract
Background and Aims
Hypertension is gradually becoming a major health burden in Nigeria; the most populous African nation. Often this starts unnoticed, but later, this disorder leads to complications and death if not properly managed. This study assessed the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), insulin, glucose and lipid profile components in hypertensive Nigerians.
Methods
A total number of four hundred and nineteen volunteers consisting of two hundred and fifteen (215) hypertensive and two hundred and four (204) normotensive participants (of which two hundred and sixty (260) and one hundred and fifty-nine (159) were female and male respectively) participated in this study. Blood pressure of all volunteers was measured and blood samples of the consenting participants were collected in their fasting state and were analyzed for PPAR-γ, insulin, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Cobas C-111 auto-analyzer respectively. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.
Results
The mean body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure of hypertensive volunteers were higher (P<0.05) than the control. The female participants had higher (p<0.05) BMI and systolic blood pressure when compared with male counterpart. The circulating levels of PPAR-γ were not significantly different (P>0.05) between hypertensive and control volunteers as well as between gender studied. The glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were higher in hypertensive volunteers (P<0.05). Insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-c were significantly raised (p<0.05) in female participants when compared with male. Negative association existed between PPAR-γ and HbA1c (P<0.001), and between PPAR-γ and glucose (P>0.05). Positive association existed between HOMA-IR and HbA1c, HOMA-IR and Glucose (P<0.001), HOMA-IR and Cholesterol (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Hypertensive volunteers demonstrated higher BMI, insulin, glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and LDL-c all these could precipitate metabolic dysfunction.
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