Developing “Enclave Agriculture”: A New Path of Agricultural Intensive Production Mode in Ethnic Areas

Abstract

“Enclave Economy” is a new model for the coordinated development of regional economy in China, which was introduced into coastal cities in the late 20th century. Through more than 20 years of research and practice, it has solved the problem of industrial upgrading and transfer in the east and changed the backward situation of industrial development in the west. Applying the “enclave economy” model to agricultural development can boost the industrialization and intensive development of agriculture in China, especially in ethnic areas, poverty-stricken areas and areas lacking land resources, which further highlights the adaptability of “enclave economy”. This paper generalizes the successful experience and inspiration to ethnic areas by introducing the “enclave economy” model of agriculture in Shibadong Village, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Hunan Province. It can resolve the existing problems and contradictions and promote the sustainable economic development of ethnic areas by taking "enclave economy" as a new form that can be copied and popularized. Keywords—enclave economy, ethnic areas, agricultural development, problems and suggestions I. PROBLEM INTRODUCTION The term “enclave” in the “enclave economy” was not an economic term in the early days, but inherited and evolved from the concept of politics and geography. The concept of “enclave” was gradually brought in the economic filed with the rapid progress of global economic integration. The widely accepted explanation of "enclave economy" is put forward by Zhou Min, an American urban economist, who insisted that in the process of economic development, two independent economies have broken the restrictions of administrative divisions and carried out economic development and management through bilateral consultation, construction and other cooperation mechanisms thereby realizing the economic development model of complementary advantages and mutual benefit [1]. Foreign research and exploration on the enclave economy can be traced back to the end of the last century. “The Enclave Economy” written by Gallagher and Zarsky was the first book named after the “enclave economy”. In this book, they comprehensively and systematically discussed the issues of FDI and sustainable development by taking Mexican IT industry as an example [2]. Craig studied mining projects in Papua New Guinea and found that they played a weak role in promoting local economic development [3]; Kevin P. Gallagher reviewed Mexico's “enclave economy” practice and pointed out that "enclave economy" such as Mexico's FDI can promote the development of the "enclave economy" in developing countries only with the support of effective policies and strategies [4]. From the perspective of model analysis, Kaulik and Manash built a new theoretical analysis framework on the relationship between foreign enclaves and economic development based on the Harris-Todaro model and systematically discussed the economic growth dynamics in underdeveloped countries or regions with large number of foreign enclaves. Their research shows that although the reduction of foreign tax rate will lead to a decline in national income in the short term, in some cases, it will improve the long-term equilibrium level of national income. From the standpoint of developed countries, they believe that enclaves can contribute to sustained economic growth in less developed countries with appropriate fiscal and tax policy adjustments [5]. Domestic scholars began their research on enclave economy in the 1990s. Zhou Ke and Guzhou Yang put forward the background of international regression and believed that the anti-globalization policy will affect economic development [6]; Shen Changgeng, Cao Daming and He Weijun introduced the development of ethnic areas into the “enclave economy” model, holding that it is necessary to establish an innovation from the perspective of organization and system and a transformation from blood-transfusion help to hematopoietic assistance, and the "enclave economy" mode can exactly solve these problems [7]; Yang Chunping, Chen Shibo and Xie Haiyan proposed the study of ecological compensation. Taking the “enclave economy” as the development model to solve the ecologically fragile area, and using Sichuan-Aba Industrial Park as the research site, they pointed out and explained the problems existed in the current ecological compensation such as the scope is very narrow, the standards are different and the capital sources are restricted, which resulted in various restrictions on the development of ethnic areas. The past way can neither satisfy the economic development nor protect the ecology more Project funding: innovative research projects for postgraduates: Posttranscendence--Exploring the Development Model of "Enclave Economy" in Ethnic Areas (CX2019BS04), the project is funded by innovative research projects for postgraduates of Southwest Minzu University 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Social Science (ICEESS 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 357