ANALYSIS OF BIORESOURCE COLLECTIONS BY CLIMATIC RHYTHMS AND PHENOLOGICAL PROCESSES

Abstract

The efficiency of mobilization of woody plants is determined by the method of phenological observations, which makes it possible to obtain an array of data on the characteristics of growth, seasonal frequency and the correspondence of the development of vegetative and generative organs of plants to local climatic conditions. Bioresource collections of the Federal Scientific Center of Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences (№ 34: 34: 000000: 122, 34: 34: 060061: 10) and its branches (Lower Volga Station for the selection of tree species; № 34: 36: 000014: 178, west Siberian AGLOS; № 22: 23: 010003: 0014) were the object of research to predict their prospects for introduction into culture. An increase in precipitation deficit during the growing season (with an annual amount of 262-417 mm) and indicators of average monthly air temperatures was established. These conditions influenced the duration of the passage of phenological phases in 47 taxa of trees and shrubs of various botanical families and geographic origin (North America, Europe, the Caucasus, Crimea, the Far East, Central Asia, Japan, China, Korea). It was revealed that the phase of the onset of massive leaf fall occurs more than 20 days later ( Larix sibirica , Ulmus pumila , Quercus borealis , Quercus robur , Acer platanoides , Tilia platyphyllos , Fraxinus excelsior ). In some species – Celtis occidentalis , Acer negundo , Juglans nigra , Amelanchier ovalis , the deviation in the duration of the growing season averaged 13-15 days; the duration of shoot growth in Celtis occidentalis increased by 37 days, in Amelanchier ovalis – 29, Tilia platyphyllos – 22. A different-year-time schedule of the onset of phenophases and their frequency characteristics are given, taking into account solar (12,5-16,5 hours) and heat resources (5-24 °C) of the corresponding ten days of April-October (Kamyshin, Volgograd region). In 90 % of tree species, the onset of the budding phase is ensured with sunshine for more than 13.5 hours and an average daily air temperature of 5 to 15 °C. The integrated quantitative method established the correspondence of the biorhythms of plant development in terms of the duration of the growing season, taking into account their lag or lead in relation to the general norm characteristic of the region.