Where White Men Rule: How the Secretive System of Forced Arbitration Hurts Women and Minorities

Abstract

Arbitrators are mostly male and overwhelmingly white. Women and minorities are more likely than white men to be forced into arbitration, which prevents them from having judges and juries hear their cases. Corporate defendants disfavor female and minority arbitrators. When they do oversee cases, female arbitrators rule in favor of consumers and employees more often than male arbitrators.