Comprehension of the Problem of Correlation between Religion and Culture in the Ukrainian Religious Studies of Soviet Period

Oleg S. Kyselov
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Abstract

The article deals with the transformation of comprehension of the problem of correlation be-tween religion and culture in Ukrainian scientific atheism. The author found out that the initial po-sition for Soviet atheists was the Marxist thesis that religion as a part of spiritual culture depends on social and economic relations. Only negative assessment to religion was given in early 1970’s. Relations between religion and culture were defined as conflict, and cultural progress was associated with secularization. Religion was understood as outdated, retrograde, remnant of the past, incompat-ible with any progress.The author of the article found out that in the texts of the mid-80’sthe development of culture in historical perspective was connected with religion. But such a statement can’t be defined as a step ahead, because scientific atheism admitted the existence of religion in the past through social reasons. These reasons – as it was believed – will vanish in the future, in the time of communism. The authors who wrote on the influence of religion on culture in the past had to show its negative impact. In the book Culture. Religion. Atheism (1991) the author of the article found critical state-ments toward some “atheistic dogmas”, revision of methodological bases and rejection of some ideological thesis. Attitude towards religion of the authors had changed. In some way it reflected the changes in Soviet society in general. The author concludes that being permanently researched by the Soviet scientific atheists the problem of correlation between religion and culture has transformed radically during the Pere-stroika.
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对苏联时期乌克兰宗教研究中宗教与文化关联问题的理解
本文论述了乌克兰科学无神论对宗教与文化相关问题认识的转变。笔者发现,苏联无神论者最初的立场是马克思主义关于宗教作为精神文化的一部分取决于社会经济关系的论点。对宗教的负面评价只出现在1970年代早期。宗教与文化之间的关系被定义为冲突,文化进步与世俗化有关。宗教被认为是过时的、倒退的、过去的残余,与任何进步都不相容。本文作者发现,在80年代中期的文本中,历史视角下的文化发展与宗教是联系在一起的。但这样的说法不能被定义为进步,因为科学无神论通过社会原因承认了过去宗教的存在。这些原因——正如人们所相信的那样——将在未来的共产主义时代消失。过去写宗教对文化的影响的作者不得不表现出它的负面影响。在《文化》一书中。宗教。《无神论》(1991)这篇文章的作者发现了对一些“无神论教条”的批判状态,对方法论基础的修正和对某些意识形态论点的拒绝。作者对宗教的态度发生了变化。在某种程度上,它反映了苏联社会的总体变化。作者的结论是,由于苏联科学无神论者的长期研究,宗教与文化之间的相互关系问题在佩雷斯-斯特里卡期间发生了根本性的变化。
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