Positive Effects of Training for Expectant Mothers- Physical Activity for The Prevention of Pregnancy Related Diseases

Abstract

Pregnancy is associated with significant physical and psychological changes for expectant mothers, which have many effects on their fitness and physical performance. However, the benefits of regular training outweigh the risks and reduce the likelihood of suffering from pregnancy-induced diseases. Physical activity during pregnancy causes many positive effects. Reduced risk of premature birth, caesarean section and also a positive influence on the risk of gestational hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, excessive weight gain are among those positive effects. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends in its guidelines a regular physical activity of about thirty minutes on most days of the week. An energy consumption of 28 MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) per week should be aimed for Especially sports such as jogging, cycling and swimming are suitable. Moreover, strength training with free weights and weight machines can be recommended. Sports with a high risk of injury and body contact are not suitable and should be avoid. With the beginning of their second trimester, it is recommended that even un-athletic women start light physical activity. The intensity should be controlled via the heart rate reserve or with a simple scale such as the Borg scale. Physical activity can be continued throughout the pregnancy and re-intensified four weeks after delivery. On this occasion, an increased attention should be paid to the training of the pelvic floor and the abdominal muscles.