Quantum Computing: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Quantum computing is considered as good mixture of quantum physics, computer science and information theories. This paper introduces fundamentals needed to understand different layers associated with quantum computing some of them are superposition, entanglement, quantum gates and circuit models like Grover’s algorithm, Shor’s algorithm. The detailed discussion along with matrix representation of quantum gates and fault tolerant Calculation and quantum error correction (QEC) technique, followed by steps involved in simulator design is introduced. Thereafter, it will elaborate hurdles encounter in constructing a quantum computer like Constructing, verification, architecture, quantum error correction, compiler and programming issues and special focus is given on the different layers involved in construction of Q-Algorithm. Finally some of the applications like quantum cryptography is discussed.