Influence and Countermeasure of Increasing Wind Penetration on Frequency Control

Shanshan Zhao, Qinyong Zhou, Qiang Zhao, Qian Dai, Yong Tang
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Abstract

The number of wind turbines connected to electric power grid is steadily increasing, which detrimentally affects the system frequency characteristics, and consequently limits the maximum penetration level of wind generation. Nowadays, contribution of wind generators to frequency control is required by system operators in many countries. In this paper, in order to increase integration proportion of wind generation, inertial response of wind turbines following frequency disturbance is analyzed from three aspects, including the physical structure, the theory of electrical machine and mechanics theory. Also, influence of wind generation on frequency characteristics is proposed. It is found that frequency problem has been the constraint condition of penetration level of wind generation, which gives rise to demand of wind turbines participating frequency control. Furthermore, countermeasure of wind generation participating frequency control is proposed. Under virtual inertia control, the rate of change of frequency(ROCOF) is reduced, and the time of frequency nadir is delayed. By adding droop control, both the frequency nadir and quasi-steady state frequency are lifted. The implementation of virtual inertia control and droop control can increase penetration level of wind generation as well as guarantee power system security.
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增大风侵彻度对频率控制的影响及对策
风力发电机组并网数量不断增加,对系统频率特性产生不利影响,从而限制了风力发电的最大渗透水平。目前,许多国家的系统运营商都要求风力发电机对频率控制做出贡献。为了提高风力发电的集成比例,本文从物理结构、电机理论和力学理论三个方面分析了风力发电机组在频率扰动后的惯性响应。分析了风力发电对频率特性的影响。研究发现,频率问题已经成为风力发电渗透水平的约束条件,从而产生了风电机组参与频率控制的需求。在此基础上,提出了风电机组参与变频调速的对策。在虚拟惯性控制下,降低了频率变化率,延迟了频率最低点的时间。通过增加下垂控制,提高了频率最低点和准稳态频率。虚拟惯性控制和下垂控制的实施可以提高风力发电的渗透水平,保证电力系统的安全。
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